Saturday, November 24, 2018

All civilizations must die? (Part 1)

At the very first i will throw a question; are we all destined to kill ourselves? Sustainable civilization has been a myth; in the end all civilizations are doomed to kill themselves. This may be true for civilizations far beyond our own galaxy.

I think there's no rule of sustaining a civilization, we only have fate; fate to be doomed. All the prominent civilizations fell prey to biodiversity, environment disruptions, climate change, personal or ethnic greed, bureaucratic feud leading to war and to whole bunch of other reasons. All civilizations we can name or remember lasted only a few centuries before they got their doomsday triggered by mentioned events.

To exemplify, one civilization that comes first to my mind is "The Maya", arguably world's most advanced pre-Columbian civilization. Mayans are known for carving civilization into the rain-forests of southern Mexico and Central America, also for their hieroglyphic writing and calendar-making, mathematics & astronomy skills. Being in the peak during the so-called Classic period, from 250 A.D. to 900 A.D., the Mayans suddenly abandoned the cities complete with elaborate plazas, palaces, pyramid-temples and ceased with immense technological innovations.

Mayan Calendar
Different historians mentioned different reasons of mayan collapse i.e. drought, exacerbated by deforestation and soil erosion, corruption & warfare among the city-states, disruption of trade routes and others. Though collapsed, mayans are not dead really (no worries, they won't scare you as zombies 😄). They are with us through their research & innovation, unique cuisine, - one word "Impact". They are one who first organized ball game, made "hot chocolate" from the seeds of cacao (they didn't make M&Ms or Snickers though 😋, they used to drink the whole chocolate instead), built pyramids to reflect astronomical events, built glittering temples and most importantly, developed the concept of "Zero (0)".   

El Castillo aka Temple of Kukulkan

The Indus came and started inhabiting in the present-day India & Pakistan nearly about 8000 years ago. They occupied more areas than their better known contemporaries in Egypt and Mesopotamia. I don't know why - almost every civilization tried to develop its own (personal 😁) writing script; might not try other things first or at all. Indus did it too which is yet to be deciphered.

Indus Valley Civilization

Eventually the Indus valley or Harappan civilization went into free-fall. It was believed that Aryan invasion from the north was the reason but later it was found that mother nature played its role here too. Recent research found that monsoon cycle stopped for two centuries, making agriculture nearly impossible. Other factors, such as earthquakes or outbreaks of malaria or cholera, may have also played a role. An Indian period film named "Mohenjo Daro", written and directed by famous director Ashutosh Gowariker, released in 2016 delineating the Indus Valley civilization and the city Mohenjo Daro, its debacle and introduction of river "Ganga".

Greenland's Vikings, straight out of Icelandic saga, started civilization with just 25 boats. Being famous for man-slaughtering, Vikings colonized around Greenland, herded goats, sheep; hunted caribou (reindeer) & seals and built stone churches which can still be seen today.

According to archaeologists, onset of little ice age in the 14th century was the main culprit for the deathblow upon Vikings. Lush & fecund vikings lands were devastated and routes in and out of Greenland were clogged up; hence crumbled the Greenlanders' export-import business. Some starved to death, some succumbed to the black plague or were exterminated by the Inuits (Inuits are a group of culturally similar indigenous people inhabiting the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada & Alaska); others fled to Iceland or Scandinavia.

Norse mythological characters
Some of us may have watched or heard about the series Vikings; a historical drama television series written and created by Michael Hirst for the History channel. It is inspired by the sagas of Viking Ragnar Lothbrok, one of the best-known legendary Norse heroes and notorious as the scourge of England and France. Travis Fimmel is brilliant in the role of Ragnar and Katheryn Winnick is outstanding in the role of Lagertha, a viking shieldmaiden (Female warrior in Scandinavian folklore and mythology) & Ragnar's first wife and obviously - gorgeous as always.

(To be continued)

Thursday, November 8, 2018

Liquor Business in Bangladesh - A License to lie

āĻŦাāĻ°ে āĻ—েāĻ˛ে āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ˛ো-āĻ†ঁāĻ§াāĻ°িāĻ° āĻ–েāĻ˛া, āĻ§োঁā§Ÿা-āĻ§োঁā§Ÿা āĻ­াāĻŦ, āĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ° āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦāĻ¤া āĻ­ুāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻšেāĻˇ্āĻŸা āĻšোāĻ–ে āĻĒā§œে, āĻĒাāĻ¨ীā§ŸāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸াāĻ° āĻĢ্āĻ¯াāĻ•্āĻŸāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ“ āĻ¤েāĻŽāĻ¨ি āĻ§োঁā§ŸাāĻļাāĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤। āĻŦাāĻ°āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻ°āĻŽāĻ°āĻŽা āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻĻেāĻ–āĻ˛ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿ āĻ¨েāĻ‡ āĻ¯ে āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨ে āĻĒাāĻ¨ীā§Ÿ āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ°েāĻ¸্āĻŸ্āĻ°িāĻ•āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ে। āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦিā§ŸাāĻ°, āĻĻাāĻŽী āĻšুāĻ‡āĻ¸্āĻ•ি, āĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ‡āĻ¨  - Glenfiddich, Glenlivet, Blue Label, Jack Daniel's (āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¯াāĻ‡ āĻšোāĻ• āĻ¨াāĻŽāĻ—ুāĻ˛া āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻšি 😜) āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻ•āĻ¤ āĻ•ি। āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¯া āĻāĻ•āĻŸাāĻ‡ - āĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛া āĻ…āĻĢিāĻ¸িā§ŸাāĻ˛ি āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ•েāĻ¨া āĻšā§ŸāĻ¨া। 

āĻĻেāĻļে ā§ŦāĻŸি āĻŦেāĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°ি āĻāĻŦং ā§¨āĻŸি āĻ°াāĻˇ্āĻŸ্āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻšাāĻ˛িāĻ¤ āĻĄিāĻĒ্āĻ˛োāĻŽেāĻŸিāĻ• āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻĄেāĻĄ āĻ“ā§Ÿ্āĻ¯াāĻ°āĻšাāĻ‰āĻœ (Diplomatic Bonded Warehouse) āĻ†āĻ›ে āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻļুāĻ˛্āĻ•āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻĒাāĻ¨ীā§Ÿ (Liquor), āĻ¸িāĻ—াāĻ°ে্āĻŸ āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে। āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ“ āĻĄিāĻĒ্āĻ˛োāĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻŸāĻĻেāĻ° āĻļুāĻ˛্āĻ•āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨িāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻŦিāĻ§া āĻĻেā§Ÿা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻĄিāĻĒ্āĻ˛োāĻŽেāĻŸāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻ•্āĻ¸ āĻāĻ•্āĻ¸েāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻļāĻ¨ āĻ¸াāĻ°্āĻŸিāĻĢিāĻ•েāĻŸ (Tax Exemption Certificate) āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¯া āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻāĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ•িāĻ¨āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨। āĻŦাāĻ‡āĻ°েāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻŸāĻ•āĻ°াāĻ“ āĻ•িāĻ¨āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻļুāĻ˛্āĻ• āĻĻিāĻ¤ে āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ—āĻ¤āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻāĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ“ā§Ÿ্āĻ¯াāĻ°āĻšাāĻ‰āĻœ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻœিāĻ¨িāĻ¸āĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ•েāĻ¨া āĻāĻŦং āĻšাāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻŦেāĻļ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸāĻ¸াāĻĒেāĻ•্āĻˇ āĻāĻŦং āĻš্āĻ¯াāĻĒাāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒাāĻ°। āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ¨ীā§ŸāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸া āĻŦ্āĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ• āĻŽাāĻ°্āĻ•েāĻŸে āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ“ā§Ÿ্āĻ¯াāĻ°āĻšাāĻ‰āĻœāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻœā§œিāĻ¤ āĻĨাāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ¯োāĻ—āĻ“ āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ—িā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻļুāĻ˛্āĻ•āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨ি/āĻ•্āĻ°ā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻŦিāĻ§াāĻ° āĻ…āĻĒāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸্āĻŽাāĻ—āĻ˛িং - āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿে āĻĻেāĻļে āĻŽāĻĻ āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻ•্āĻ°ি āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে। āĻŽāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻ•্āĻ¸ ā§Ŧā§Ļā§Ģ% - āĻāĻŸা āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ†ā§Ÿ āĻšāĻš্āĻ›েāĻ¨া āĻ†āĻ° āĻŽāĻĻāĻŦিāĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ“ āĻ•āĻŽāĻ›েāĻ¨া āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒ্āĻ°াā§Ÿ āĻĒুāĻ°া āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸াāĻŸাāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻŦৈāĻ§ āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿে āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে।

āĻ¨াāĻ°্āĻ•োāĻŸিāĻ•্āĻ¸ āĻĄিāĻĒাāĻ°্āĻŸāĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻŸ ā§¨ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ°াāĻœāĻ§াāĻ¨ীāĻ° ā§ĒāĻŸি āĻ•্āĻ˛াāĻŦে āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻœিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¸াāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻĻ āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨িāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ°েāĻ•āĻ°্āĻĄ āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ¯াā§ŸāĻ¨ি; āĻ•াāĻ°ো āĻ•াāĻ°ো āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨িāĻ° āĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻ¸েāĻ¨্āĻ¸āĻ“ āĻ¨াāĻ‡। āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ…āĻĢিāĻ¸িā§ŸাāĻ˛ āĻĒাāĻ¨ীāĻ¯় āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨িāĻ•াāĻ°āĻ• āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻ•্āĻ°েāĻ¤া āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻŸāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°্āĻĒোāĻ°েāĻļāĻ¨; āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ› āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ•েāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦāĻļেāĻˇ āĻ°েāĻ•āĻ°্āĻĄ ā§Ē-ā§Ģ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ°। ā§ĒāĻŸি āĻ•্āĻ˛াāĻŦেāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻœিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¸াāĻŦাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻœāĻŦাāĻŦ āĻĻিā§ŸেāĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¯ে āĻ•্āĻ˛াāĻŦেāĻ° āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļী āĻ¸āĻĻāĻ¸্āĻ¯āĻ°া āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĄ্āĻ°িংāĻ•্āĻ¸ āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ°া āĻ†āĻ¨ে। āĻāĻ›াā§œা āĻ•্āĻ˛াāĻŦ āĻ•āĻ°্āĻ¤ৃāĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇ āĻ•েāĻ°ু āĻāĻ¨্āĻĄ āĻ•ো āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĄ্āĻ°িংāĻ•্āĻ¸ āĻ•িāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻ°েāĻ•āĻ°্āĻĄ āĻĻেāĻ–াā§Ÿ, āĻ¯েāĻŸা āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ°্āĻˇিāĻ• āĻ°িāĻĒোāĻ°্āĻŸেāĻ° āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻŽিāĻ˛েāĻ¨া  (Carew & Co [āĻ•েāĻ°ু āĻāĻ¨্āĻĄ āĻ•োং] is the only state-owned liquor producer and exporter of Bangladesh)। āĻŦāĻ˛াāĻ‡ āĻŦাāĻšুāĻ˛্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ¸āĻŦ āĻŦাāĻ° āĻŦা āĻ•্āĻ˛াāĻŦেāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ°্āĻˇিāĻ• āĻ°িāĻĒোāĻ°্āĻŸে āĻ āĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖেāĻ° āĻ§াāĻĒ্āĻĒাāĻŦাāĻœি āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ।

āĻ¸্āĻŽাāĻ—্āĻ˛িং āĻāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻŽোāĻŸাāĻŽুāĻŸি āĻ¸āĻšāĻœেāĻ‡ āĻĒাāĻ¨ীā§Ÿ, āĻ¸িāĻ—াāĻ°েāĻŸ āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻĻেāĻļে āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ›ে; āĻ¯েāĻŸাāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛ে Import through misdeclaration। Capital goods āĻŦা āĻ…āĻ­োāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻŖ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽে āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ¸্āĻŸāĻŽāĻ¸ āĻšাāĻ‰āĻœāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ¤ে āĻŽāĻĻ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ›ে; āĻĢাঁāĻ•āĻĢোāĻ•āĻ° āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻ›াā§œাāĻ“ āĻĒেā§Ÿে āĻ¯াāĻš্āĻ›ে। āĻ•াāĻ¸্āĻŸāĻŽāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻšোāĻ– āĻā§œাāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻĻ āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨āĻ•াāĻ°ী āĻ­্āĻ¯াāĻ¸েāĻ˛āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ•ে āĻ°াāĻ¤েāĻ° āĻŦেāĻ˛া āĻ†āĻ¨āĻ˛োāĻĄ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ¤াāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¨ৌāĻĒāĻĨে āĻ¸āĻ°িā§Ÿে āĻĢেāĻ˛া āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ°াāĻ¤াāĻ°াāĻ¤ি। 

āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻšā§ŸāĻ¤ো āĻœাāĻ¨েāĻ¨, āĻŽāĻĻ āĻŦেāĻšাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻļুāĻ§ু āĻŦাāĻ°, āĻšোāĻŸেāĻ˛ āĻŦা āĻ•্āĻ˛াāĻŦāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ°āĻ‡ āĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻ¸েāĻ¨্āĻ¸ āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻ˛াāĻ—ে āĻ¤া āĻ¨া, āĻŽāĻĻ āĻ–াāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ›েāĻ“ āĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻ¸েāĻ¨্āĻ¸ āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻ˛াāĻ—āĻŦে। āĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻ¸েāĻ¨্āĻ¸ āĻŦা āĻ¸াāĻ°্āĻŸিāĻĢিāĻ•েāĻŸāĻŸাā§Ÿ āĻāĻŸাāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¯ে āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¸ুāĻ– āĻ†āĻ›ে āĻ•িāĻ¨া āĻ¯েāĻŸাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻŽāĻĻ āĻ–াāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°। āĻāĻŸা āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ে ā§§ā§¯ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻ¸াāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯েāĻŸাā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ†āĻ›ে, A person can possess and consume liquor after a government doctor certifies that the person needs to consume liquor on “medical grounds”। āĻĒুāĻ˛িāĻļি āĻšā§ŸāĻ°াāĻ¨ি āĻā§œাāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŸাāĻ•া āĻ–āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•ে āĻ¯ে āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ° āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨্āĻĻāĻŽāĻ¤ medical ground āĻŦাāĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻ¨িāĻš্āĻ›ে āĻ¸েāĻŸা āĻ†āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻ…āĻĒেāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ°াāĻ–েāĻ¨া 😝।

āĻ•āĻĨা āĻšāĻ˛ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸েāĻ¸ āĻĢāĻ˛ো āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ•ি āĻŦাāĻ°, āĻ•্āĻ˛াāĻŦ āĻŦা āĻšোāĻŸেāĻ˛āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ¨ীā§Ÿ, āĻ¸িāĻ—াāĻ°েāĻŸ āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻ¸াāĻĒ্āĻ˛াāĻ‡ āĻĻেā§Ÿা āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাāĻ°েāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ? āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ°ঃ āĻ¨া, āĻ…āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻ¨া। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸েāĻ¸ āĻĢāĻ˛ো āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻœিāĻ¨িāĻ¸āĻĒাāĻ¤ি āĻšেā§Ÿে āĻšিāĻ ি āĻĻিāĻ˛ে ā§Ģ-ā§Ŧ āĻŽাāĻ¸ āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŽাāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ¸ে। āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•্āĻ°িā§ŸাāĻ° āĻĻীāĻ°্āĻ˜āĻ¸ূāĻ¤্āĻ°িāĻ¤া āĻ†āĻ° ā§Ŧā§Ļā§Ģ% āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻ•্āĻ¸ āĻ•āĻŽাā§Ÿ āĻĻিāĻ˛ে āĻŦ্āĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ• āĻŽাāĻ°্āĻ•েāĻŸেāĻ° āĻ˛াāĻ—াāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•াংāĻļে āĻŸেāĻ¨ে āĻ§āĻ°া āĻ¯েāĻ¤।

Source: The Daily Star