Friday, December 21, 2018

All civilizations must die? (Part 2)

Link of 1st part: https://jbamit.blogspot.com/2018/11/all-societies-must-die-part-1.html

Eastern Islanders were famous for building giant stone statues called 'moai', largest of which was 32 feet tall. Archaeologists were quite certain about harmony among the islanders. They had chiefs, priests, and guilds of workers who fished, farmed, and made the moai together. There was certainly some level of sociopolitical consonance that was needed to carve almost a thousand statues. 


Islanders literally 'killed' themselves. They cut down almost all trees, rats did the rest by eating the seeds ushering to mass starvation & civil war. Arrival of Europeans was a mere formality of the Islanders' decimation.

So I have mentioned about the Mayans, Indus, Vikings, Eastern Islanders; everyone of them came under mother's (nature not Russia 😉) sword. Some words can be used to describe the whole scenario in brief; Civilization dies off mainly due to population rising, climate change due to temperature rising (Modern leaders are denying it though) and switching from high-impact resources i.e. oil to low impact resources i.e. solar energy. But i think some countries or societies are having near-death experience not due to the mentioned reasons, but for RELIGION & POLITICS.

Obviously Religion isn't or will be the cause of any feud among nations now or in the future, untrue explanations of religious views and superstitions regarding different religions will be. Religious clashes are of grave concern especially countries in Indian subcontinent. People can easily be f**ked over religion; as percentage of religiously illiterate people are quite high in the subcontinent. Moreover, being God-fearing, not God-loving, these people can easily be stultified by those to whom religion is nothing but a business.

I will try to write about religious feuds in future; because right now or for some months i have been triggered by a barbarous event fettered by POLITICS.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
I am quoting the "Sacred Games" here - "Drugs, guns, property sab chhota dhanda hain, asli dhanda hain politics." (drugs, guns and property are small time business. Real business is politics).  Considering it as a real business, the most real businessman right now is Prince MBS (at least he thinks he is.)

For almost three and a half years, Yemen has been latched with an uncontrollable war that led to death of 10,000+ people and pushed millions on the verge of famine. Political transition from authoritarian president, Ali Abdullah Saleh to his deputy, Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi was expected to bring stability to Yemen which was quite preoccupied with militant attacks, food shortage, corruption etc. Situation got muddled when Houthi Shia Muslim rebel movement which targeted to put the incumbent president to exile abroad, took the control of capital Sanaa. Things took a new turn in 2015 when Saudi Arabia with eight other Sunni Arab states declared air strikes against the Houthis with an obvious raison d'ÃĒtre of restoring Hadi's government.

(Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-44466574)

The war has become far more complex than a Saudi-Iran cold war, Sunni-Shia conflict; the Saudi-led coalition has been powered and weaponized by US, UK & France. Hadi's government has blamed Iran of smuggling them military arms, an accusation which Tehran has always denied.

All sides have been busy in fighting which led to severe humanitarian catastrophe; at least 8.4 million people are at risk of starvation and 22.2 million people - 75% of the population - in need of humanitarian assistance, according to the UN. Acute malnutrition is threatening the lives of almost 400,000 children under the age of five. 
 
(Source: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/06/key-facts-war-yemen-160607112342462.html)


Most people have already fled internally in other states; some fled to other countries. Yemenis who haven't fled and who displaced internally - all are in need of food, shelter and healthcare. Aid organizations are at risk and facing hindrances to help the Yemenis. Sufficient food & medical supplies cannot reach to afflicted Yemenis due to seize of several cities by Houthis.





 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In the next part, i will write about the history of Yemen before it got tarnished by the missiles of modern fighters.

(To be continued)

Saturday, November 24, 2018

All civilizations must die? (Part 1)

At the very first i will throw a question; are we all destined to kill ourselves? Sustainable civilization has been a myth; in the end all civilizations are doomed to kill themselves. This may be true for civilizations far beyond our own galaxy.

I think there's no rule of sustaining a civilization, we only have fate; fate to be doomed. All the prominent civilizations fell prey to biodiversity, environment disruptions, climate change, personal or ethnic greed, bureaucratic feud leading to war and to whole bunch of other reasons. All civilizations we can name or remember lasted only a few centuries before they got their doomsday triggered by mentioned events.

To exemplify, one civilization that comes first to my mind is "The Maya", arguably world's most advanced pre-Columbian civilization. Mayans are known for carving civilization into the rain-forests of southern Mexico and Central America, also for their hieroglyphic writing and calendar-making, mathematics & astronomy skills. Being in the peak during the so-called Classic period, from 250 A.D. to 900 A.D., the Mayans suddenly abandoned the cities complete with elaborate plazas, palaces, pyramid-temples and ceased with immense technological innovations.

Mayan Calendar
Different historians mentioned different reasons of mayan collapse i.e. drought, exacerbated by deforestation and soil erosion, corruption & warfare among the city-states, disruption of trade routes and others. Though collapsed, mayans are not dead really (no worries, they won't scare you as zombies 😄). They are with us through their research & innovation, unique cuisine, - one word "Impact". They are one who first organized ball game, made "hot chocolate" from the seeds of cacao (they didn't make M&Ms or Snickers though 😋, they used to drink the whole chocolate instead), built pyramids to reflect astronomical events, built glittering temples and most importantly, developed the concept of "Zero (0)".   

El Castillo aka Temple of Kukulkan

The Indus came and started inhabiting in the present-day India & Pakistan nearly about 8000 years ago. They occupied more areas than their better known contemporaries in Egypt and Mesopotamia. I don't know why - almost every civilization tried to develop its own (personal 😁) writing script; might not try other things first or at all. Indus did it too which is yet to be deciphered.

Indus Valley Civilization

Eventually the Indus valley or Harappan civilization went into free-fall. It was believed that Aryan invasion from the north was the reason but later it was found that mother nature played its role here too. Recent research found that monsoon cycle stopped for two centuries, making agriculture nearly impossible. Other factors, such as earthquakes or outbreaks of malaria or cholera, may have also played a role. An Indian period film named "Mohenjo Daro", written and directed by famous director Ashutosh Gowariker, released in 2016 delineating the Indus Valley civilization and the city Mohenjo Daro, its debacle and introduction of river "Ganga".

Greenland's Vikings, straight out of Icelandic saga, started civilization with just 25 boats. Being famous for man-slaughtering, Vikings colonized around Greenland, herded goats, sheep; hunted caribou (reindeer) & seals and built stone churches which can still be seen today.

According to archaeologists, onset of little ice age in the 14th century was the main culprit for the deathblow upon Vikings. Lush & fecund vikings lands were devastated and routes in and out of Greenland were clogged up; hence crumbled the Greenlanders' export-import business. Some starved to death, some succumbed to the black plague or were exterminated by the Inuits (Inuits are a group of culturally similar indigenous people inhabiting the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada & Alaska); others fled to Iceland or Scandinavia.

Norse mythological characters
Some of us may have watched or heard about the series Vikings; a historical drama television series written and created by Michael Hirst for the History channel. It is inspired by the sagas of Viking Ragnar Lothbrok, one of the best-known legendary Norse heroes and notorious as the scourge of England and France. Travis Fimmel is brilliant in the role of Ragnar and Katheryn Winnick is outstanding in the role of Lagertha, a viking shieldmaiden (Female warrior in Scandinavian folklore and mythology) & Ragnar's first wife and obviously - gorgeous as always.

(To be continued)

Thursday, November 8, 2018

Liquor Business in Bangladesh - A License to lie

āĻŦাāĻ°ে āĻ—েāĻ˛ে āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ˛ো-āĻ†ঁāĻ§াāĻ°িāĻ° āĻ–েāĻ˛া, āĻ§োঁā§Ÿা-āĻ§োঁā§Ÿা āĻ­াāĻŦ, āĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ° āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦāĻ¤া āĻ­ুāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻšেāĻˇ্āĻŸা āĻšোāĻ–ে āĻĒā§œে, āĻĒাāĻ¨ীā§ŸāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸াāĻ° āĻĢ্āĻ¯াāĻ•্āĻŸāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ“ āĻ¤েāĻŽāĻ¨ি āĻ§োঁā§ŸাāĻļাāĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤। āĻŦাāĻ°āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻ°āĻŽāĻ°āĻŽা āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻĻেāĻ–āĻ˛ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿ āĻ¨েāĻ‡ āĻ¯ে āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨ে āĻĒাāĻ¨ীā§Ÿ āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ°েāĻ¸্āĻŸ্āĻ°িāĻ•āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ে। āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦিā§ŸাāĻ°, āĻĻাāĻŽী āĻšুāĻ‡āĻ¸্āĻ•ি, āĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ‡āĻ¨  - Glenfiddich, Glenlivet, Blue Label, Jack Daniel's (āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¯াāĻ‡ āĻšোāĻ• āĻ¨াāĻŽāĻ—ুāĻ˛া āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻšি 😜) āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻ•āĻ¤ āĻ•ি। āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¯া āĻāĻ•āĻŸাāĻ‡ - āĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛া āĻ…āĻĢিāĻ¸িā§ŸাāĻ˛ি āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ•েāĻ¨া āĻšā§ŸāĻ¨া। 

āĻĻেāĻļে ā§ŦāĻŸি āĻŦেāĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°ি āĻāĻŦং ā§¨āĻŸি āĻ°াāĻˇ্āĻŸ্āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻšাāĻ˛িāĻ¤ āĻĄিāĻĒ্āĻ˛োāĻŽেāĻŸিāĻ• āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻĄেāĻĄ āĻ“ā§Ÿ্āĻ¯াāĻ°āĻšাāĻ‰āĻœ (Diplomatic Bonded Warehouse) āĻ†āĻ›ে āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻļুāĻ˛্āĻ•āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻĒাāĻ¨ীā§Ÿ (Liquor), āĻ¸িāĻ—াāĻ°ে্āĻŸ āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে। āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ“ āĻĄিāĻĒ্āĻ˛োāĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻŸāĻĻেāĻ° āĻļুāĻ˛্āĻ•āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨িāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻŦিāĻ§া āĻĻেā§Ÿা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻĄিāĻĒ্āĻ˛োāĻŽেāĻŸāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻ•্āĻ¸ āĻāĻ•্āĻ¸েāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻļāĻ¨ āĻ¸াāĻ°্āĻŸিāĻĢিāĻ•েāĻŸ (Tax Exemption Certificate) āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¯া āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻāĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ•িāĻ¨āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨। āĻŦাāĻ‡āĻ°েāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻŸāĻ•āĻ°াāĻ“ āĻ•িāĻ¨āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻļুāĻ˛্āĻ• āĻĻিāĻ¤ে āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ—āĻ¤āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻāĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ“ā§Ÿ্āĻ¯াāĻ°āĻšাāĻ‰āĻœ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻœিāĻ¨িāĻ¸āĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ•েāĻ¨া āĻāĻŦং āĻšাāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻŦেāĻļ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸāĻ¸াāĻĒেāĻ•্āĻˇ āĻāĻŦং āĻš্āĻ¯াāĻĒাāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒাāĻ°। āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ¨ীā§ŸāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸া āĻŦ্āĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ• āĻŽাāĻ°্āĻ•েāĻŸে āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ“ā§Ÿ্āĻ¯াāĻ°āĻšাāĻ‰āĻœāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻœā§œিāĻ¤ āĻĨাāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ¯োāĻ—āĻ“ āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ—িā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻļুāĻ˛্āĻ•āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨ি/āĻ•্āĻ°ā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻŦিāĻ§াāĻ° āĻ…āĻĒāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸্āĻŽাāĻ—āĻ˛িং - āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿে āĻĻেāĻļে āĻŽāĻĻ āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨ি āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻ•্āĻ°ি āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে। āĻŽāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻ•্āĻ¸ ā§Ŧā§Ļā§Ģ% - āĻāĻŸা āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ†ā§Ÿ āĻšāĻš্āĻ›েāĻ¨া āĻ†āĻ° āĻŽāĻĻāĻŦিāĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ“ āĻ•āĻŽāĻ›েāĻ¨া āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒ্āĻ°াā§Ÿ āĻĒুāĻ°া āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸াāĻŸাāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻŦৈāĻ§ āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿে āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে।

āĻ¨াāĻ°্āĻ•োāĻŸিāĻ•্āĻ¸ āĻĄিāĻĒাāĻ°্āĻŸāĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻŸ ā§¨ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ°াāĻœāĻ§াāĻ¨ীāĻ° ā§ĒāĻŸি āĻ•্āĻ˛াāĻŦে āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻœিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¸াāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻĻ āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨িāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ°েāĻ•āĻ°্āĻĄ āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ¯াā§ŸāĻ¨ি; āĻ•াāĻ°ো āĻ•াāĻ°ো āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨িāĻ° āĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻ¸েāĻ¨্āĻ¸āĻ“ āĻ¨াāĻ‡। āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ…āĻĢিāĻ¸িā§ŸাāĻ˛ āĻĒাāĻ¨ীāĻ¯় āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨িāĻ•াāĻ°āĻ• āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻ•্āĻ°েāĻ¤া āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻŸāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°্āĻĒোāĻ°েāĻļāĻ¨; āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ› āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ•েāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦāĻļেāĻˇ āĻ°েāĻ•āĻ°্āĻĄ ā§Ē-ā§Ģ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ°। ā§ĒāĻŸি āĻ•্āĻ˛াāĻŦেāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻœিāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¸াāĻŦাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻœāĻŦাāĻŦ āĻĻিā§ŸেāĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¯ে āĻ•্āĻ˛াāĻŦেāĻ° āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļী āĻ¸āĻĻāĻ¸্āĻ¯āĻ°া āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĄ্āĻ°িংāĻ•্āĻ¸ āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ°া āĻ†āĻ¨ে। āĻāĻ›াā§œা āĻ•্āĻ˛াāĻŦ āĻ•āĻ°্āĻ¤ৃāĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇ āĻ•েāĻ°ু āĻāĻ¨্āĻĄ āĻ•ো āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĄ্āĻ°িংāĻ•্āĻ¸ āĻ•িāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻ°েāĻ•āĻ°্āĻĄ āĻĻেāĻ–াā§Ÿ, āĻ¯েāĻŸা āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ°্āĻˇিāĻ• āĻ°িāĻĒোāĻ°্āĻŸেāĻ° āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻŽিāĻ˛েāĻ¨া  (Carew & Co [āĻ•েāĻ°ু āĻāĻ¨্āĻĄ āĻ•োং] is the only state-owned liquor producer and exporter of Bangladesh)। āĻŦāĻ˛াāĻ‡ āĻŦাāĻšুāĻ˛্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ¸āĻŦ āĻŦাāĻ° āĻŦা āĻ•্āĻ˛াāĻŦেāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ°্āĻˇিāĻ• āĻ°িāĻĒোāĻ°্āĻŸে āĻ āĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖেāĻ° āĻ§াāĻĒ্āĻĒাāĻŦাāĻœি āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ।

āĻ¸্āĻŽাāĻ—্āĻ˛িং āĻāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻŽোāĻŸাāĻŽুāĻŸি āĻ¸āĻšāĻœেāĻ‡ āĻĒাāĻ¨ীā§Ÿ, āĻ¸িāĻ—াāĻ°েāĻŸ āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻĻেāĻļে āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ›ে; āĻ¯েāĻŸাāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛ে Import through misdeclaration। Capital goods āĻŦা āĻ…āĻ­োāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻŖ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽে āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ¸্āĻŸāĻŽāĻ¸ āĻšাāĻ‰āĻœāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ¤ে āĻŽāĻĻ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ›ে; āĻĢাঁāĻ•āĻĢোāĻ•āĻ° āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻ›াā§œাāĻ“ āĻĒেā§Ÿে āĻ¯াāĻš্āĻ›ে। āĻ•াāĻ¸্āĻŸāĻŽāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻšোāĻ– āĻā§œাāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻĻ āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨āĻ•াāĻ°ী āĻ­্āĻ¯াāĻ¸েāĻ˛āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ•ে āĻ°াāĻ¤েāĻ° āĻŦেāĻ˛া āĻ†āĻ¨āĻ˛োāĻĄ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ¤াāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¨ৌāĻĒāĻĨে āĻ¸āĻ°িā§Ÿে āĻĢেāĻ˛া āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ°াāĻ¤াāĻ°াāĻ¤ি। 

āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻšā§ŸāĻ¤ো āĻœাāĻ¨েāĻ¨, āĻŽāĻĻ āĻŦেāĻšাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻļুāĻ§ু āĻŦাāĻ°, āĻšোāĻŸেāĻ˛ āĻŦা āĻ•্āĻ˛াāĻŦāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ°āĻ‡ āĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻ¸েāĻ¨্āĻ¸ āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻ˛াāĻ—ে āĻ¤া āĻ¨া, āĻŽāĻĻ āĻ–াāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ›েāĻ“ āĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻ¸েāĻ¨্āĻ¸ āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻ˛াāĻ—āĻŦে। āĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻ¸েāĻ¨্āĻ¸ āĻŦা āĻ¸াāĻ°্āĻŸিāĻĢিāĻ•েāĻŸāĻŸাā§Ÿ āĻāĻŸাāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¯ে āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¸ুāĻ– āĻ†āĻ›ে āĻ•িāĻ¨া āĻ¯েāĻŸাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻŽāĻĻ āĻ–াāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻĻāĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°। āĻāĻŸা āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ˛ে ā§§ā§¯ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻ¸াāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻ¯েāĻŸাā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ†āĻ›ে, A person can possess and consume liquor after a government doctor certifies that the person needs to consume liquor on “medical grounds”। āĻĒুāĻ˛িāĻļি āĻšā§ŸāĻ°াāĻ¨ি āĻā§œাāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŸাāĻ•া āĻ–āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•ে āĻ¯ে āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ° āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨্āĻĻāĻŽāĻ¤ medical ground āĻŦাāĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻ¨িāĻš্āĻ›ে āĻ¸েāĻŸা āĻ†āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻ…āĻĒেāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ°াāĻ–েāĻ¨া 😝।

āĻ•āĻĨা āĻšāĻ˛ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸েāĻ¸ āĻĢāĻ˛ো āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ•ি āĻŦাāĻ°, āĻ•্āĻ˛াāĻŦ āĻŦা āĻšোāĻŸেāĻ˛āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ¨ীā§Ÿ, āĻ¸িāĻ—াāĻ°েāĻŸ āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻ¸াāĻĒ্āĻ˛াāĻ‡ āĻĻেā§Ÿা āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাāĻ°েāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ? āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ°ঃ āĻ¨া, āĻ…āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻ¨া। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸েāĻ¸ āĻĢāĻ˛ো āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻœিāĻ¨িāĻ¸āĻĒাāĻ¤ি āĻšেā§Ÿে āĻšিāĻ ি āĻĻিāĻ˛ে ā§Ģ-ā§Ŧ āĻŽাāĻ¸ āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŽাāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻ¸ে। āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•্āĻ°িā§ŸাāĻ° āĻĻীāĻ°্āĻ˜āĻ¸ূāĻ¤্āĻ°িāĻ¤া āĻ†āĻ° ā§Ŧā§Ļā§Ģ% āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻ•্āĻ¸ āĻ•āĻŽাā§Ÿ āĻĻিāĻ˛ে āĻŦ্āĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ• āĻŽাāĻ°্āĻ•েāĻŸেāĻ° āĻ˛াāĻ—াāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•াংāĻļে āĻŸেāĻ¨ে āĻ§āĻ°া āĻ¯েāĻ¤।

Source: The Daily Star

Friday, October 26, 2018

Sunk Cost Fallacy: When to fold

āĻ¨ীāĻ˛āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤ āĻ¯াāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻŦেāĻ° āĻšāĻ‡āĻ›েāĻ¨; āĻšāĻ াāĻ¤ āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻĒā§œāĻ˛ো, "āĻ§ুāĻ°ু āĻ†āĻœāĻ•েāĻ¤ো āĻŽāĻ™্āĻ—āĻ˛āĻŦাāĻ°"। āĻ†āĻļেāĻĒাāĻļে āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻĻোāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻ¨াāĻ‡ āĻ¯ে āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨ি āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ™্āĻ•্āĻˇিāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻ‡āĻŸা āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ‡āĻ—ুāĻ˛া āĻ•িāĻ¨āĻŦেāĻ¨। āĻ¤ো āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•ি āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦেāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨ি; āĻŦাāĻ¸াā§Ÿ āĻĢিāĻ°ে āĻ¯াāĻŦেāĻ¨ āĻ¨াāĻ•ি āĻ¯েāĻšেāĻ¤ু āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨ি āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻ¨āĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻĢেāĻ˛েāĻ›েāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŸা āĻ—িā§Ÿে āĻœাāĻ°্āĻ¨ি āĻŸু āĻ¨ীāĻ˛āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤ āĻļেāĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦেāĻ¨? 

āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ¤ীā§Ÿ āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻ¤াāĻŸা āĻ¯ে āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻšেāĻ˛āĻĻি āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻ¤া āĻ¨ā§Ÿ, āĻ¸েāĻŸা āĻ¨িāĻļ্āĻšā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻ˛ে āĻĻেā§Ÿা āĻ˛াāĻ—āĻŦেāĻ¨া। āĻ¨ীāĻ˛āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻাāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦাāĻĻ āĻĻেāĻ¨, āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻŽুāĻ­ি āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛েāĻ¨, ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽিāĻ¨িāĻŸ āĻĒāĻ° āĻĻেāĻ–েāĻ‡ āĻŦুāĻāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ­ুāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ‡āĻ°াāĻ˛āĻ›েāĻ¨ āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻ¤া āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ি āĻļেāĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻ ি। āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻ¸িāĻ°িāĻœ āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛েāĻ¨, āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ¸িāĻœāĻ¨ āĻ­াāĻ˛, āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ¤ীā§Ÿ āĻ¸িāĻœāĻ¨ āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻœāĻŽāĻ˛োāĻ¨া āĻ¤াāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°ো āĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¸িāĻœāĻ¨ āĻĻেāĻ–ে āĻĢেāĻ˛ি āĻāĻ‡ āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻ¤া āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¯ে āĻĻেāĻ–ি ā§Š āĻ¨ং āĻ¸িāĻœāĻ¨ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ­াāĻ˛ āĻšāĻŦে। āĻāĻ­াāĻŦেāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ¸িāĻĻ্āĻ§াāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻ¨িāĻ‡, āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¯েāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻœā§œিāĻ¤। āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ—্āĻ¯াāĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻāĻŸাāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦে "Chasing the losses"। āĻŦ্āĻ°িāĻŸিāĻļ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŦাāĻĻ āĻ†āĻ›ে, "Don't throw good money after bad"। āĻ‡āĻ•োāĻ¨āĻŽিāĻ¸্āĻŸāĻ°া āĻāĻŸাāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ¨ Sunk Cost Fallacy. āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ¨া āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ FallacyāĻ° āĻļিāĻ•াāĻ° āĻšāĻ‡। āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒাāĻ°āĻ—ুāĻ˛াāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸু āĻŦā§œ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻĻেāĻ–āĻ˛ে āĻĻুāĻ‡āĻŸা āĻœিāĻ¨িāĻ¸ āĻŦেāĻ°িā§Ÿে āĻ†āĻ¸ে; ā§§) Optimism ā§¨) Aversion to Failure। āĻāĻ‡ āĻĻুāĻ‡āĻŸা āĻœিāĻ¨িāĻ¸ āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ˛āĻ¸ āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻŦেāĻ° āĻšāĻ‡āĻ¤ে āĻŦাāĻ§া āĻĻেā§Ÿ।

A Winning Hand

āĻĒোāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ–েāĻ˛াā§Ÿ āĻ—্āĻ¯াāĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻŦা āĻœুā§Ÿাā§œিāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻŸ্āĻ°েāĻĄাāĻ°āĻ°াāĻ“ Sunk Cost FallacyāĻ° āĻĢাঁāĻĻে āĻĒā§œāĻ˛ে āĻ‰āĻ‡āĻ¨িং āĻš্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻĄ āĻĒাāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ­াāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ে; āĻŦ্āĻ˛াāĻĢ āĻĻিāĻ¤ে āĻšাā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ° āĻ˛āĻ¸ āĻĒāĻœিāĻļāĻ¨ āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ­াāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻšেāĻˇ্āĻŸা āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸āĻ™্āĻ—ে Barings BankāĻ° Nick Leeson āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ। Nick Leeson āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ speculative trader, āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻĒāĻŖ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻĻাāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĢ্āĻ˛াāĻ•āĻšুā§ŸেāĻļāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ­িāĻ¤্āĻ¤ি āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻŸ্āĻ°েāĻĄিং āĻ•āĻ°ে। (Speculation involves trading a financial instrument involving high risk, in expectation of significant returns. The motive is to take maximum advantage from fluctuations in the market. Speculators are prevalent in the markets where price movements of securities are highly frequent and volatile.)

āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻ°িā§ŸাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻļুāĻ°ুāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ•েāĻ‡ Leeson āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•āĻ—ুāĻ˛া āĻ¸াāĻ•āĻ¸েāĻ¸্āĻĢুāĻ˛ āĻŸ্āĻ°েāĻĄিং āĻ•āĻ°াā§Ÿ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ™্āĻ• āĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻ¨েāĻœāĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻŸ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻŸ্āĻ°েāĻĄ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻĻেā§Ÿ, āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻĒুāĻ°ো āĻĢাā§ŸāĻĻা āĻ¤ুāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻĢāĻ˛ে; āĻ‰ā§œাāĻ§ুā§œা āĻŸ্āĻ°েāĻĄিং āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ“ āĻ°িāĻĒোāĻ°্āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤েāĻ¨āĻ¨া āĻŦা āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ˛াāĻ—āĻ¤োāĻ¨া। ā§§ā§¯ā§¯ā§Ģ āĻāĻ° āĻļেāĻˇ āĻĻিāĻ•ে Leeson āĻ¤াāĻ° 'āĻŽিāĻĄাāĻ¸ āĻŸাāĻš' āĻšাāĻ°াā§Ÿ āĻĢেāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং āĻŸ্āĻ°েāĻĄিং āĻ āĻŦā§œ āĻ˛āĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻŽুāĻ–ীāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¨। āĻ˛āĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ—োāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ°াāĻ–āĻ¤ে āĻĨাāĻ•েāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং āĻœাāĻĒাāĻ¨ে āĻ•োāĻŦে āĻļāĻšāĻ°ে āĻŦā§œ āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖেāĻ° āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŸ্āĻ°েāĻĄিং āĻ āĻ­ুāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻœিāĻļāĻ¨ āĻ¨িā§Ÿে Leeson āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšে āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ˛āĻ¸ āĻ–াāĻ¨ āĻ¯া āĻ‰āĻ¨ি āĻĒুāĻˇিā§Ÿে āĻ‰āĻ āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨āĻ¨াāĻ‡। āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¸্āĻŦāĻ°ূāĻĒ Barings Bank ā§§ āĻŦিāĻ˛িā§ŸāĻ¨ āĻĄāĻ˛াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ˛āĻ¸ āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻĻেāĻ‰āĻ˛িā§Ÿা āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ।

Leeson āĻ¸িāĻ™্āĻ—াāĻĒুāĻ° āĻœেāĻ˛ে āĻŦāĻ¸ে Rogue Trader āĻ¨াāĻŽে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ˛েāĻ–েāĻ¨। āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ¨াāĻŽে ā§§ā§¯ā§¯ā§¯ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻŽুāĻ­িāĻ“ āĻŦেāĻ° āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻ¯েāĻŸাā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ¨ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨ Star Wars āĻāĻ° Obi-Wan āĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ Ewan Mcgregor ।


Political Overspend

āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻĻেāĻļে āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ‡āĻ˛েāĻ•āĻļāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻĒāĻ˛িāĻŸিāĻļিā§ŸাāĻ¨āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•োāĻŸি āĻ•োāĻŸি āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ। āĻāĻ›াā§œাāĻ“ āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿে āĻ°াāĻœāĻ¨ীāĻ¤িāĻ° āĻĒāĻŸ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖে āĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦা āĻ°াāĻœāĻ¨ীāĻ¤িāĻ° āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ°্āĻĨে āĻ¨েā§Ÿা āĻ¸িāĻĻ্āĻ§াāĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ŸāĻŦāĻšুāĻ˛ āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ°িāĻŸেāĻ¨ āĻŦা āĻœাāĻĒাāĻ¨ে infrastructural spending āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻŦেāĻļি āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻāĻ¸āĻ¤ে āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ prison infrastructure spending āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻŦেāĻļি (āĻāĻ¤ āĻāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻœাāĻ‡āĻ°া āĻŸিāĻ­ি āĻ¸িāĻ°িāĻœāĻ¤ো āĻāĻ‡āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ§āĻ°াāĻ§āĻ°ি āĻ¨িā§ŸেāĻ‡ āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨ো 😋 )। āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ°োāĻĒেāĻ° āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāĻ˛া āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ°েāĻ˛āĻ“ā§Ÿে āĻ¨েāĻŸāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ°্āĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¨্āĻ¨ā§ŸāĻ¨ে āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ–āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ে।

Avoiding Sunk Cost pitfalls

āĻ¸াāĻ‡āĻ•োāĻ˛āĻœিāĻ¸্āĻŸ āĻāĻŦং āĻ—āĻŦেāĻˇāĻ• Jim Everett āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸āĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ¨, "We are susceptible to these biases. But often we can partially offset them by taking a step back and thinking through the alternatives. Always ask yourself, what would i gain or lose if i stuck with this option and what would i gain or lose if i switched."

āĻ¸োāĻœা āĻ•āĻĨা āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻ°িā§ŸেāĻ˛িāĻŸি āĻšেāĻ• āĻĻেā§Ÿা āĻ¯েāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে; āĻ¯েāĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ§াāĻ°াāĻŦাāĻšিāĻ• āĻ¸িāĻĻ্āĻ§াāĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖে āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ¸্āĻĨিāĻ¤ি āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে, āĻ¸িāĻĻ্āĻ§াāĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻ°āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ¨িāĻ˛ে āĻ•ি āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻ¤ো। āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒাāĻ°āĻŸা āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•āĻŸা Infinity War āĻŽুāĻ­িāĻ¤ে Dr. Strange āĻāĻ° ā§§ā§Ē āĻŽিāĻ˛িā§ŸāĻ¨ āĻ¸িāĻšুā§ŸেāĻļāĻ¨ āĻĻেāĻ–াāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ•্āĻ°েāĻœি āĻ¨া āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŸা āĻŽিāĻ˛ে। āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻ¸িāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ˛ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ–োঁāĻœা; If presented with the same choice again, would i make the same decision? If not - why not?

āĻ†āĻ˛্āĻŸিāĻŽেāĻŸāĻ˛ি āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ˜ুāĻ°েāĻĢিāĻ°ে āĻĒোāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ–েāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻ¸েāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ˛িāĻ–িāĻ¤ āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽāĻŸাāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻুঁāĻ•ে; Any good poker player knows when to fold.



Wednesday, October 17, 2018

āĻ­াāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸ী āĻ°াāĻœা - The King who lived two lives

āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻĒā§œে āĻŽুāĻ­ি āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻĻেāĻ–āĻ›ি, āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻœাā§ŸāĻ—া āĻ˜ুāĻ°ে āĻāĻ¸ে āĻāĻŸাāĻ° āĻ•াāĻšিāĻ¨ী āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻŽুāĻ­ি āĻĻেāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ো āĻ†āĻ¸āĻŦে āĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ¨াāĻ‡। āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻœাā§ŸāĻ—াāĻŸাāĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•াāĻ›েāĻ‡, āĻ—াāĻœীāĻĒুāĻ°ে। āĻ¯āĻĻিāĻ“ āĻ—িā§Ÿে āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĒাāĻ‡āĻ¨াāĻ‡, āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻ‡āĻ¤িāĻšাāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ›াāĻĒ āĻĒাāĻ‡āĻ¨াāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ•ি; āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻŦিāĻ˛্āĻĄিংāĻ°ে āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°ি āĻ•াāĻ°্āĻ¯াāĻ˛ā§Ÿ, āĻ¸্āĻ•ুāĻ˛, āĻ•োā§ŸাāĻ°্āĻŸাāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ¨াā§Ÿ āĻĢেāĻ˛āĻ›ে। āĻ¯াāĻ‡āĻ¤েāĻ“ āĻĒ্āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻšā§ŸāĻ¨াāĻ‡ āĻŦেāĻļি; āĻ…āĻ¨াāĻŦিāĻ˛ āĻŦাāĻ¸ে āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ—াāĻœীāĻĒুāĻ° āĻšৌāĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻ¤া, āĻ¸েāĻ–াāĻ¨ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻŸো āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ°াāĻœāĻŦাā§œি।

āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŦāĻ¨āĻŸা āĻāĻ•āĻŸু āĻ•āĻŽ āĻāĻĄিāĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ে 😀
āĻ­াāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ˛ āĻœāĻŽিāĻĻাāĻ° āĻŦংāĻļেāĻ° āĻ°াāĻœা āĻ°āĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°āĻ¨াāĻ°াā§ŸāĻŖ āĻ°াā§ŸেāĻ° āĻŽৃāĻ¤্āĻ¯ুāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻĢিāĻ°ে āĻ†āĻ¸াāĻ° āĻ•াāĻšিāĻ¨ী āĻŦেāĻļ āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻ“ āĻšাāĻž্āĻšāĻ˛্āĻ¯āĻ•āĻ°। āĻ˛েāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ–াāĻ¤িāĻ°ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸু āĻĒেāĻ›āĻ¨ে āĻ¯াāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ¯াāĻ•। āĻŽোāĻŸাāĻŽুāĻŸি ā§Šā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে ā§§ā§­ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ¸াāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻ­াāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°āĻ—āĻŖা āĻœāĻŽিāĻĻাāĻ°ীāĻ° āĻĻেāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ¨ (Proctor) āĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦাংāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ§ীāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŦাāĻŦ āĻŽুāĻ°্āĻļিāĻĻāĻ•ুāĻ˛ী āĻ–াāĻ¨। āĻŽোāĻŸা āĻ…ংāĻ•েāĻ° āĻ°াāĻœāĻ¸্āĻŦ āĻĻেā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ˛োāĻ­ āĻĻেāĻ–িā§Ÿে āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻž্āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻĻু āĻœāĻŽিāĻĻাāĻ°āĻ°া āĻ¨āĻŦাāĻŦেāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ› āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ­াāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ˛ āĻ…āĻž্āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻœāĻŽিāĻĻা্āĻ°ী āĻĒাāĻ¨। āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻšাāĻ¤ āĻ˜ুāĻ°ে āĻāĻ‡ āĻœāĻŽিāĻĻাāĻ°ী āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻ•াāĻ˛ীāĻ¨াāĻ°াā§ŸāĻŖ āĻ°াā§ŸāĻšৌāĻ§ুāĻ°ীāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ›ে। āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ›েāĻ˛ে āĻ°াāĻœেāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°āĻ¨াāĻ°াāĻ¯়āĻŖ āĻ°াāĻ¯়āĻšৌāĻ§ুāĻ°ী āĻāĻ‡ āĻœāĻŽিāĻĻাāĻ°ীāĻ•ে āĻĸাāĻ•া, āĻŽā§ŸāĻŽāĻ¨āĻ¸িংāĻš, āĻ—াāĻœীāĻĒুāĻ°āĻ¸āĻš āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻāĻ˛াāĻ•া āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻ¤ৃāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨। āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻ¸াāĻšিāĻ¤্āĻ¯িāĻ• āĻ•াāĻ˛ীāĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ˜োāĻˇ āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĻেāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ¨। āĻāĻ‡ āĻ°াāĻœেāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°āĻ¨াāĻ°াāĻ¯়āĻŖেāĻ° āĻ¤িāĻ¨ āĻ›েāĻ˛ে āĻ°āĻŖেāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°, āĻ°āĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ° āĻ“ āĻ°āĻŦীāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°āĻ¨াāĻ°াāĻ¯়āĻŖ āĻ°াāĻ¯়āĻšৌāĻ§ুāĻ°ী ( āĻ¨াāĻŽāĻ¤ো āĻ¨া āĻāĻ•েāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ•āĻŸা āĻœিāĻ˛া āĻ¨িā§Ÿা āĻŦāĻ‡āĻ¸ে )।   



āĻœāĻŽিāĻĻাāĻ°āĻŦাā§œিāĻ° āĻĒুāĻ•ুāĻ°
ā§§ā§¯ā§Ļā§Ē āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ°াāĻœেāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°āĻ¨াāĻ°াāĻ¯়āĻŖ āĻŽাāĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¤িāĻ¨ āĻ›েāĻ˛েāĻ‡ āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ¨াāĻŦাāĻ˛āĻ•। āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¸াāĻŦাāĻ˛āĻ• āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻšাāĻ¤ে āĻœāĻŽিāĻĻাāĻ°ী āĻ¯াā§Ÿ। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ‰āĻĻাāĻ¸ীāĻ¨āĻ¤া āĻ†āĻ° āĻ…āĻœ্āĻžāĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖে āĻœāĻŽিāĻĻাāĻ°ীāĻ° āĻĻেāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¯োāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻŽোāĻŸাāĻŽুāĻŸি āĻ¤িāĻ¨āĻœāĻ¨āĻ‡। āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ°āĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°āĻ¨াāĻ°াā§ŸāĻŖেāĻ° āĻŽāĻĻ āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¨াāĻ°ীāĻ° āĻ¨েāĻļা āĻ›িāĻ˛ো āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛। āĻ…āĻ¤িāĻ°িāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ¨াāĻ°ীāĻ˛িāĻĒ্āĻ¸ুāĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ āĻ¯া āĻšāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻšāĻ˛ো, āĻ¸িāĻĢিāĻ˛িāĻ¸ে āĻ†āĻ•্āĻ°াāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ…āĻ¸ুāĻ¸্āĻĨ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĒā§œেāĻ¨ āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি। āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ‡āĻ¤িāĻšাāĻ¸āĻŦিāĻĻ āĻĻাāĻŦী āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨, āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻŽীāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻ°ীāĻ˛িāĻĒ্āĻ¸ুāĻ¤াā§Ÿ āĻšāĻ¤াāĻļ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ°āĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°āĻ° āĻ¸্āĻ¤্āĻ°ী āĻŦিāĻ­াāĻŦāĻ¤ী āĻĻেāĻŦী āĻ°াāĻœাāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻĄাāĻ•্āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ†āĻļুāĻ¤োāĻˇ āĻĻাāĻ¸āĻ—ুāĻĒ্āĻ¤েāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŖā§Ÿে āĻœā§œিā§Ÿে āĻĒā§œেāĻ¨। āĻāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻĻৃāĻļ্āĻ¯āĻĒāĻŸে āĻšাāĻœিāĻ° āĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦিāĻ­াāĻŦāĻ¤ী āĻĻেāĻŦীāĻ° āĻ­াāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°āĻ¨াāĻĨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻ¨াāĻ°্āĻœী; āĻ°āĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°āĻ¨াāĻ°াā§ŸāĻŖেāĻ° āĻāĻ¸āĻŦ āĻĻুāĻ°্āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻœāĻŽিāĻĻাāĻ°ী āĻšাāĻ¤িā§Ÿে āĻ¨েā§ŸাāĻ° āĻĒাā§ŸāĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¸ে। āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ীāĻ¤ে āĻ°াāĻœাāĻ•ে āĻ°াāĻŖী āĻŦিāĻ­াāĻŦāĻ¤ী, āĻ°াāĻœাāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻĄাāĻ•্āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ†āĻļুāĻ¤োāĻˇ, āĻ°াāĻŖীāĻ° āĻ­াāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°āĻ¨াāĻĨāĻ¸āĻš āĻŽোāĻŸাāĻŽুāĻŸি āĻŦিāĻļ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ•ে āĻšাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻŦāĻĻāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĻাāĻ°্āĻœিāĻ˛িং āĻĒাāĻ িā§Ÿে āĻĻেā§Ÿা āĻšā§Ÿ।āĻĻাāĻ°্āĻœিāĻ˛িং āĻ—িā§Ÿে āĻ°াāĻœাāĻ° āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻ–াāĻ°াāĻĒ āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•ে āĻāĻŸাāĻ“ āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ¨, āĻ°াāĻŖী āĻŦিāĻ­াāĻŦāĻ¤ী āĻĻেāĻŦী āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ­াāĻ‡ āĻŽিāĻ˛ে āĻ–াāĻŦাāĻ°, āĻ”āĻˇুāĻ§ āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻিāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻŦিāĻˇ āĻŽিāĻļিā§Ÿে āĻ°াāĻœাāĻ•ে āĻ¤িāĻ˛ে āĻ¤িāĻ˛ে āĻŽাāĻ°াāĻ° āĻˇā§œāĻ¯āĻ¨্āĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨। āĻāĻ•āĻĻিāĻ¨ āĻāĻ• āĻŸেāĻ˛িāĻ—্āĻ°াāĻŽ āĻ†āĻ¸ে āĻ¯াāĻ¤ে āĻ˛েāĻ–া āĻ›িāĻ˛ো “āĻ°āĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°āĻ¨াāĻ°াā§ŸāĻŖ āĻ‡āĻœ āĻ¨ো āĻŽোāĻ°”। āĻŽৃāĻ¤্āĻ¯ুāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻ—āĻ˛āĻŦ্āĻ˛াāĻĄাāĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻĨāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨ āĻĻাāĻ°্āĻœিāĻ˛িāĻ™েāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨। āĻļেāĻˇāĻ•ৃāĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻĒাāĻŸ āĻšুāĻ•িā§Ÿে āĻœāĻŽিāĻĻাāĻ° āĻŦাā§œিāĻ¤ে āĻāĻ¸ে āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ•াāĻ¤াā§Ÿ āĻĢিāĻ°ে āĻ¯াāĻ¨ āĻ°াāĻŖী āĻŦিāĻ­াāĻŦāĻ¤ী āĻ“ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ­াāĻ‡। 

āĻ•াāĻšিāĻ¨ীāĻ¤ো āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻœাā§ŸāĻ—াā§Ÿ; āĻ°াāĻœাāĻ° āĻļেāĻˇāĻ•ৃāĻ¤্āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻ¯ে āĻšā§ŸāĻ¨াāĻ‡। āĻ¸ā§ŽāĻ•াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨্āĻĄ āĻļিāĻ˛াāĻŦৃāĻˇ্āĻŸি āĻšā§Ÿ; āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¸্āĻĨিāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ‡ āĻ°াāĻœাāĻ° āĻŽৃāĻ¤āĻĻেāĻš āĻļ্āĻŽāĻļাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻ°েāĻ–ে āĻŦৃāĻˇ্āĻŸি āĻĨাāĻŽাāĻ° āĻ…āĻĒেāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›িāĻ˛। āĻŦৃāĻˇ্āĻŸি āĻĨাāĻŽাāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ—িā§Ÿে āĻĻেāĻ–ে āĻŽৃāĻ¤āĻĻেāĻš āĻ—াā§ŸেāĻŦ। āĻļেā§ŸাāĻ˛ āĻ•ুāĻ•ুāĻ°ে āĻŽৃāĻ¤āĻĻেāĻš āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻ—েāĻ›ে āĻ­েāĻŦে āĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ‡ āĻĢিāĻ°ে āĻ†āĻ¸ে। āĻāĻ‡ āĻ–āĻŦāĻ° āĻ§াāĻŽাāĻšাāĻĒাāĻ° āĻšেāĻˇ্āĻŸা āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻ¤া āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšā§ŸāĻ¨ি। āĻ¤াāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°ো āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•েāĻ° āĻ†āĻļা āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ°াāĻœা āĻĢিāĻ°ে āĻ†āĻ¸āĻŦেāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻĻিāĻ¨। āĻāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°েāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ, āĻ°াāĻœাāĻ° āĻ–āĻŦāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻ‡। āĻ°াāĻœাāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ•ি āĻĻুāĻ‡āĻ­াāĻ‡ āĻŽাāĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻ¨; āĻœāĻŽিāĻĻাāĻ°ী āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻĒুāĻ°োāĻĒুāĻ°ি āĻŦ্āĻ°িāĻŸিāĻļāĻĻেāĻ° āĻšাāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ। āĻāĻ•āĻ¯ুāĻ— āĻĒāĻ°ে ā§§ā§¯ā§¨ā§§ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻāĻ•āĻĻিāĻ¨ āĻŦুā§œিāĻ—āĻ™্āĻ—াāĻ° āĻĻāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻŖ āĻĒাāĻļে āĻŦাāĻ•āĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻĄ āĻŦাঁāĻ§ āĻāĻ˛াāĻ•াā§Ÿ āĻāĻ• āĻœāĻŸাāĻ§াāĻ°ী āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸ীāĻ° āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ¯াā§Ÿ, āĻ…āĻŦিāĻ•āĻ˛ āĻ°āĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°āĻ¨াāĻ°াā§ŸāĻŖেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻĻেāĻ–āĻ¤ে। āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ›োāĻŸāĻŦোāĻ¨ āĻœ্āĻ¯োāĻ¤িāĻ°্āĻŽā§Ÿী āĻĻেāĻŦীāĻ•ে āĻ–āĻŦāĻ° āĻĻেā§Ÿা āĻšāĻ˛ো। āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻāĻ¸ে āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸ীāĻ•ে āĻĻেāĻ–ে āĻ¤ো āĻšা! āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸ীāĻ° āĻ—াā§ŸেāĻ° āĻĻাāĻ—েāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ°াāĻœাāĻ° āĻ—াā§Ÿে āĻļিāĻ•াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻĻাāĻ— āĻ†āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ—েāĻ° āĻŽিāĻ˛ āĻ–ুঁāĻœে āĻĒাāĻ¨ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŦোāĻ¨। āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸ুāĻ• āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇেāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻেāĻ¨ āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি; āĻĻাāĻ°্āĻœিāĻ˛িāĻ™েāĻ° āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨াāĻ°āĻ“ āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ• āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ¨া āĻĻেāĻ¨। āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ¨, āĻœāĻ™্āĻ—āĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸ীāĻ°া āĻ¤াāĻ•ে āĻŦৃāĻˇ্āĻŸিāĻ­েāĻœা āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাā§Ÿ āĻ–ুঁāĻœে āĻĒাā§Ÿ; āĻ¤াāĻ•ে āĻ¸েāĻŦা āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻŦাঁāĻšিā§Ÿে āĻ¤ুāĻ˛ে। āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻœাā§ŸāĻ—াā§Ÿ āĻ­্āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖেāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻ†āĻ¸্āĻ¤ে āĻ†āĻ¸্āĻ¤ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸্āĻŽৃāĻ¤ি āĻĢেāĻ°āĻ¤ āĻāĻ¸েāĻ›ে। 

āĻāĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ°াāĻœা āĻ°āĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°āĻ° āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻœীāĻŦিāĻ°া āĻœāĻŽিāĻĻাāĻ°ীāĻ° āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻšেā§Ÿে āĻŽাāĻŽāĻ˛া āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻŦāĻ¸েāĻ¨। āĻœāĻŽিāĻĻাāĻ°ী āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ­োāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻŦিāĻ­াāĻŦāĻ¤ী āĻĻেāĻŦী, āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ­াāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°āĻ¨াāĻĨ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸্āĻ¤্āĻ°ী। āĻāĻŸাāĻ‡ āĻāĻ¤িāĻšাāĻ¸িāĻ• ‘āĻ­াāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸ী āĻŽাāĻŽāĻ˛া’ āĻ¨াāĻŽে āĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤। āĻĻুāĻ‡āĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি, āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŽাāĻŖেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻ¨েā§Ÿা āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ°াāĻœা āĻ¨াāĻ•ি āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻ¤ āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨, āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸ী āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻ¤ āĻ¨া- āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ“ āĻĻেāĻ–াāĻ¨ো āĻšā§Ÿ; āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŽাāĻŖিāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ°াāĻœাāĻ“ āĻŽোāĻŸাāĻŽুāĻŸি āĻ¨িāĻ°āĻ•্āĻˇāĻ°āĻ‡ āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ (āĻ–েāĻ˛াāĻ§ুāĻ˛াā§Ÿ āĻŽāĻ¤্āĻ¤ āĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ—্āĻ°āĻšāĻŖেāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻĒাāĻ¨āĻ¨াāĻ‡ )। āĻ°াāĻœা āĻ‡ংāĻ°েāĻœি, āĻŦাংāĻ˛া āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻ¤েāĻ¨; āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸ী āĻ‰āĻ°্āĻĻুāĻ¤ে āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤েāĻ¨। āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ°াāĻœাāĻ° āĻ‡ংāĻ°েāĻœি āĻ†āĻ° āĻŦাংāĻ˛াāĻ­াāĻˇাāĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻ¯ে āĻšিāĻ িāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ†āĻĻাāĻ˛āĻ¤ে āĻĒেāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻœাāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻ˛ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŽাāĻŖিāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻāĻ­াāĻŦে ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§Ļ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻŽাāĻŽāĻ˛া ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§Ŧ āĻ āĻļেāĻˇ āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŽাāĻŽāĻ˛া ā§§ā§¯ā§Ēā§Ŧ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻļেāĻˇ āĻšā§Ÿ; āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻŽাāĻŽāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻ°াā§ŸāĻ‡ āĻ°াāĻœাāĻ° āĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ। āĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇে āĻ°াā§Ÿ āĻĒেā§ŸেāĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ˛াāĻ­ āĻšā§ŸāĻ¨াāĻ‡; āĻŽাāĻŽāĻ˛া āĻœিāĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ• āĻŽাāĻ¸ āĻĒāĻ°েāĻ‡ āĻŽাāĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻ¨ āĻ°াāĻœা āĻ°āĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°। āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻ­াāĻ“āĻ¯়াāĻ˛ āĻāĻ¸্āĻŸেāĻŸেāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻ—āĻŖāĻĒ্āĻ°āĻœাāĻ¤āĻ¨্āĻ¤্āĻ°ী āĻŦাংāĻ˛াāĻĻেāĻļ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ­ূāĻŽি āĻ¸ংāĻ¸্āĻ•াāĻ° āĻŦোāĻ°্āĻĄ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻšাāĻ˛āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°ে।  

āĻāĻ‡āĻ°āĻ•āĻŽ āĻšাāĻž্āĻšāĻ˛্āĻ¯āĻ•āĻ° āĻ•াāĻšিāĻ¨ী āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻ“āĻĒাāĻ° āĻŦাংāĻ˛াā§Ÿ āĻ‡āĻ¤োāĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻŽুāĻ­ি āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨ো āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে; āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻ›িāĻ˛ “āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¸ী āĻ°াāĻœা”; āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ¨ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻšাāĻ¨াā§ŸāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻ•ুāĻŽাāĻ°। āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŽুāĻ­ি āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻĒাāĻŦে āĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ¸েāĻ° ā§§ā§¨ āĻ¤াāĻ°িāĻ–; āĻ¨াāĻŽ “āĻāĻ• āĻ¯ে āĻ›িāĻ˛ো āĻ°াāĻœা”। āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•াā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ¨ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦেāĻ¨ “āĻœাāĻ¤িāĻ¸্āĻŽāĻ°” āĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻ¯ীāĻļু āĻ¸েāĻ¨āĻ—ুāĻĒ্āĻ¤;āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ¨েāĻ¤্āĻ°ী āĻœā§Ÿা āĻ†āĻšāĻ¸াāĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ†āĻ›েāĻ¨ āĻŽুāĻ­িāĻŸিāĻ¤ে।
āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ•াāĻšিāĻ¨ী āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻŦাāĻ‡āĻ°ে āĻŽুāĻ­ি āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¯াāĻ‡āĻ¤েāĻ›ে, āĻ†āĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া............... 
 

Ganesh Gaitonde, God Complex and Hindu Mythology (Part 2)

https://jbamit.blogspot.com/2018/10/blog-post.html

"Sacred Games" āĻ¸িāĻ°িāĻœেāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻĻু āĻŽিāĻĨোāĻ˛āĻœিāĻ° āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻ°েāĻ•্āĻŸাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻ¸াāĻ°ে āĻĻেā§Ÿা।āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦ ā§§ (āĻ…āĻļ্āĻŦāĻ¤্āĻĨাāĻŽা)-āĻ° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ° āĻ˛েāĻ–াāĻŸাā§Ÿ āĻ›িāĻ˛ো; āĻŦাāĻ•ি āĻ¸াāĻ¤āĻŸাāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ˛িāĻ–āĻ›ি।

āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦ ā§¨ (āĻšāĻ˛াāĻšāĻ˛): āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻĻু āĻŽিāĻĨোāĻ˛āĻœিāĻ¤ে āĻ¸āĻŽুāĻĻ্āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨্āĻĨāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŦা āĻ¸āĻŽুāĻĻ্āĻ° āĻ¨িংā§œাāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ†āĻ›ে āĻ¯েāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻĻেāĻŦāĻ¤া (Gods) āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ¸ুāĻ°েāĻ°া (Demons) āĻŽিāĻ˛ে āĻŽāĻ¨্āĻĨāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻ…āĻŽৃāĻ¤ (āĻ…āĻŽāĻ°āĻ¤্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ¨ীā§Ÿ) āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ•āĻ˛্āĻĒāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻāĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¸াāĻĒāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ°াāĻœা āĻŦাāĻ¸ুāĻ•িāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻ¨েā§Ÿ। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻŦাāĻ¸ুāĻ•িāĻ° āĻŦিāĻˇাāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ§োঁā§Ÿাā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻŽৃāĻ¤ āĻ¤ৈāĻ°িāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ‡ āĻšāĻ˛াāĻšāĻ˛ āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻŦিāĻˇ āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻ¯াāĻ¤ে āĻĻেāĻŦāĻ¤া, āĻ…āĻ¸ুāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻŽাāĻ°া āĻ¯েāĻ¤ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻĻেāĻŦāĻ¤া āĻļিāĻŦ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦিāĻˇ āĻ¨িāĻœে āĻĒাāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ‡āĻ•ে āĻ°āĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ¨। "Sacred Games" āĻ āĻļিāĻŦেāĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ˛্āĻĒিāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ°িāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ‡āĻ¨্āĻ¸āĻĒেāĻ•্āĻŸāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻ°āĻ¤াāĻœ āĻ¸িং āĻ†āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¸ুāĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ—াāĻ‡āĻ¤োāĻ¨্āĻĄে। āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨোāĻĒāĻ•āĻĨāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻļুāĻ°ুāĻ¤েāĻ‡ āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ­াāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšাā§Ÿ āĻ¯েāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĻেāĻŦāĻ¤া āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ¸ুāĻ°েāĻ°া āĻ…āĻŽৃāĻ¤ āĻŦাāĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻ…āĻŽāĻ° āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻšেā§ŸেāĻ›িāĻ˛ো। āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻĻুāĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ে āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤েāĻ‡ āĻ¸াāĻ°āĻ¤াāĻœ āĻ¸িং āĻāĻ° āĻŦাāĻŦা āĻĻিāĻ˛্āĻŦাāĻ— āĻ¸িংā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨা, āĻ­াāĻ°āĻ¤েāĻ° āĻ°াāĻœāĻ¨ৈāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻ‡āĻ¤িāĻšাāĻ¸, āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ°্āĻœাāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻ—ুāĻĒ্āĻ¤āĻšāĻ°āĻŦৃāĻ¤্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ•āĻ˛্āĻĒāĻ¨া, ā§¨ā§Ģ āĻĻিāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻŽুāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻ‡ āĻļāĻšāĻ° āĻ§āĻŦংāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻĢেāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ°্āĻ¨িং- āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•āĻŸা āĻ…āĻŽৃāĻ¤ āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¤ে āĻ—িā§Ÿে āĻšāĻ˛াāĻšāĻ˛ āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¯াāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻŽিāĻ˛ে। ā§Ž āĻ¨ং āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ° āĻļāĻšāĻ° āĻŽুāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻ‡ āĻ°āĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ—িā§Ÿে āĻ¸াāĻ°āĻ¤াāĻœ āĻ¸িং āĻāĻ° āĻ†ংāĻ—ুāĻ˛ āĻšাāĻ°াāĻ¨ো āĻļিāĻŦেāĻ° āĻŦিāĻˇ āĻĒাāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ°ূāĻĒāĻ•।


āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦ ā§Š (āĻ†āĻ¤াāĻĒি-āĻŦাāĻ¤াāĻĒি): āĻŽāĻšাāĻ­াāĻ°āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻ¤ে āĻ†āĻ¤াāĻĒি āĻŦাāĻ¤াāĻĒি āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻ­াāĻ‡, āĻĻুāĻ‡āĻŸাāĻ‡ āĻ°াāĻ•্āĻˇāĻ¸ āĻŦা āĻ…āĻ¸ুāĻ°। āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻĒāĻĨিāĻ•āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ†āĻĒ্āĻ¯াā§ŸāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ˛োāĻ­ āĻĻেāĻ–িā§Ÿে āĻ§োঁāĻ•া āĻĻিāĻ¤ো, āĻ¤াāĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽেāĻ°ে āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ˛ুāĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻ¤ো। āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ°ূāĻĒ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻ¤ো।

āĻŽাāĻŽাāĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻĄাā§ŸāĻ˛āĻ— āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ–াāĻ‡āĻ¸ে āĻĒাāĻŦāĻ˛িāĻ•
āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻ†āĻ¤াāĻĒি āĻŦাāĻ¤াāĻĒি āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ—াāĻ‡āĻ¤োāĻ¨্āĻĄেāĻ° āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻšāĻ¯োāĻ—ী- āĻŦাāĻ¨্āĻŸি āĻ“ āĻŦā§œ āĻŦāĻĻāĻ°িā§Ÿা; āĻŦাāĻ¨্āĻŸি āĻ—োঁā§œা āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻĻু āĻ†āĻ° āĻŦāĻĻāĻ°িā§Ÿা āĻ—োঁā§œা āĻŽুāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŽাāĻ¨। āĻŦাāĻ¨্āĻŸি āĻ—াāĻ‡āĻ¤োāĻ¨্āĻĄেāĻ•ে āĻ°াāĻœি āĻ•āĻ°াā§Ÿ āĻ­োāĻ¸āĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¯োāĻ— āĻĻিāĻ¤ে āĻ†āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ§োঁāĻ•া āĻĻেā§Ÿ। āĻŦā§œ āĻŦāĻĻāĻ°িā§Ÿা āĻ‡āĻ¸াāĻ° āĻ­াāĻ¤িāĻœিāĻ° āĻŦিā§ŸেāĻ¤ে āĻ—িā§Ÿে āĻ—াāĻ‡āĻ¤োāĻ¨্āĻĄেāĻ•ে āĻ§োঁāĻ•া āĻĻেā§Ÿ। āĻŦাāĻ¨্āĻŸি āĻ“ āĻŦāĻĻāĻ°িā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ—োঁā§œা āĻ§াāĻ°্āĻŽিāĻ• āĻšā§ŸেāĻ“ āĻļুāĻ§ুāĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ°্āĻĨেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽেāĻ° āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸āĻŦে āĻ¯োāĻ— āĻĻেā§Ÿা - āĻ†āĻ¤াāĻĒি āĻŦাāĻ¤াāĻĒিāĻ° āĻ°ূāĻĒ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ°ূāĻĒāĻ•। 

āĻ›āĻŦিāĻ¤ে āĻŦাāĻ¨্āĻŸিāĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻĄাā§ŸāĻ˛āĻ— āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ‡āĻ¸ে āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে; āĻ¯āĻĻিāĻ“ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ•āĻŸি āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻĻি āĻŽুāĻ­ি- Golmaal-3 āĻ¤ে āĻŽুāĻ•াāĻ­িāĻ¨ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻĻেāĻ–াāĻ¨ো āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›িāĻ˛ো 😜।


āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦ ā§Ē (āĻŦ্āĻ°āĻš্āĻŽāĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯া) : āĻŦ্āĻ°āĻš্āĻŽāĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯া āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻŦ্āĻ°াāĻš্āĻŽāĻŖ āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯া āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇ āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯া; āĻ¯েāĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽ āĻŽāĻ¤ে āĻ¯েāĻŸা āĻŽāĻšাāĻĒাāĻĒ। āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦেāĻ‡ āĻ—াāĻ‡āĻ¤োāĻ¨্āĻĄে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ•ে āĻĒাāĻĨāĻ° āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻ†āĻ˜াāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯া āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ­োāĻŸ āĻ†āĻĻাā§ŸেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ° āĻ¸্āĻ¤্āĻ°ী āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻļোāĻ§ āĻ¨িāĻ¤ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒāĻ•āĻšাāĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻ°াāĻĒāĻ°াāĻ§ āĻŽুāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻĻেāĻ° āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯া āĻ•āĻ°ে।

āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦ ā§Ģ (āĻ¸াāĻ°āĻŽেā§Ÿ): āĻ¸াāĻ°āĻŽেā§Ÿ āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻ•ুāĻ•ুāĻ°। In the long run, everyone is a dog with a leash. 
āĻ¸াāĻ°āĻŽেā§ŸāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻ‡āĻ¨্āĻ¸āĻĒেāĻ•্āĻŸāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻ°āĻ¤াāĻœ āĻ¸িংāĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ¨ো āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻ¯ে āĻ•িāĻ¨া āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻ“ āĻ¨্āĻ¯াā§ŸেāĻ° āĻĒāĻĨে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ¤ে āĻšেā§ŸেāĻ“ āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ¸āĻš্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻŦাāĻ§্āĻ¯ āĻšā§Ÿ। Bengali Bura case āĻ āĻŽিāĻĨ্āĻ¯া āĻ¸াāĻ•্āĻˇী āĻĻিāĻ¤ে āĻŦাāĻ§্āĻ¯ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻļুāĻ§ুāĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻŦাāĻ¨্āĻŸিāĻ•ে āĻ§āĻ°াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•্āĻ¸āĻŸ্āĻ°া āĻĒুāĻ˛িāĻļāĻĢোāĻ°্āĻ¸ āĻšেā§ŸেāĻ›িāĻ˛ো āĻŦāĻ˛ে।

āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦ ā§Ŧ (āĻĒ্āĻ°েāĻ¤āĻ•āĻ˛্āĻĒ): Pretakalpa is the rites to perform the cremation of a Hindu. āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦেāĻ‡ āĻ¸াāĻ°āĻ¤াāĻœেāĻ° āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ু āĻ•াāĻŸেāĻ•াāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ°া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ। āĻ¸াāĻ°āĻ¤াāĻœ āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ুāĻ° āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻ•াāĻ°ীāĻ•ে āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯া āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¤্āĻŦাāĻ•েāĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻ°āĻ•āĻŽ āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯া āĻ•āĻ°ে। 
āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻ¸িāĻ°িāĻœ āĻĻেāĻ–েāĻ›েāĻ¨ āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ­াāĻ˛āĻ‡ āĻŦুāĻāĻŦেāĻ¨ āĻŽিāĻŽāĻŸা

āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦ ā§­ (āĻ°ুāĻĻ্āĻ°):  āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻĻু āĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽাāĻŦāĻ˛āĻŽ্āĻŦীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽāĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨ āĻŦেāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ–āĻ¨্āĻĄ āĻ‹āĻ•āĻŦেāĻĻ āĻŽāĻ¤ে āĻ°ুāĻĻ্āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ­ā§Ÿ, āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨্āĻĄ āĻā§œ āĻāĻ¸āĻŦেāĻ° āĻĻেāĻŦāĻ¤া। Sacred Games āĻ āĻ‡āĻ¸াāĻ° āĻŦাāĻšিāĻ¨ী āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ—াāĻ‡āĻ¤োāĻ¨্āĻĄেāĻ° āĻ¸্āĻ¤্āĻ°ী āĻ¸ুāĻ­āĻĻ্āĻ°াāĻ•ে āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯া āĻ•āĻ°ে, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻšāĻ¨্āĻĄ āĻ°াāĻ—ে āĻ—াāĻ‡āĻ¤োāĻ¨্āĻĄে āĻ¨িāĻ°ীāĻš āĻŽুāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤িāĻ¤ে āĻ†āĻ—ুāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°িā§Ÿে āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ˛āĻ¨্āĻĄāĻ­āĻ¨্āĻĄ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻĻেā§Ÿ।

āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦ ā§Ž (āĻ‡ā§ŸাāĻ¤ি): āĻŽāĻšাāĻ­াāĻ°āĻ¤ āĻ“ āĻ­াāĻ—āĻŦāĻ¤ āĻĒুāĻ°াāĻŖ āĻŽāĻ¤ে, āĻ‡ā§ŸাāĻ¤ি āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŦāĻ‰ā§ŸেāĻ° āĻĻাāĻ¸ীāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻĒāĻ°āĻ•ীā§Ÿা āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ…āĻĒāĻ°াāĻ§ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻļ্āĻŦāĻļুāĻ° āĻ¤াāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻ­িāĻļাāĻĒ āĻĻেā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻ°ে āĻŦুā§œা āĻŦাāĻ¨াā§Ÿ āĻĻেā§Ÿ (āĻ˛āĻ“ āĻ েāĻ˛া 😛)। āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ‡ā§ŸাāĻ¤ি āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ›েāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻŦā§ŸāĻ¸ āĻ…āĻĻāĻ˛āĻŦāĻĻāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻšাāĻ°াāĻ¨ো āĻ¯ৌāĻŦāĻ¨ āĻĢিāĻ°ে āĻĒাā§Ÿ (āĻ­াāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻ­াāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻŦাāĻĒ āĻāĻ¸āĻŦ āĻĻেāĻ–েāĻ¨া āĻŦা āĻĒā§œেāĻ¨া 😛) । Sacred Games āĻ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ—াāĻ‡āĻ¤োāĻ¨্āĻĄেāĻ° āĻ¤িāĻ¨ āĻ¨ং āĻŦাāĻĒেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻā§Ÿ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽāĻ—ুāĻ°ু; āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻ°েāĻ•্āĻŸাāĻ°āĻŸি āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›েāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ™্āĻ•āĻœ āĻ¤্āĻ°িāĻĒাāĻŸি। āĻœেāĻ˛ে āĻ˛োāĻ• āĻĒাāĻ িā§Ÿে āĻ¸ে āĻ—াāĻ‡āĻ¤োāĻ¨্āĻĄেāĻ•ে āĻ°āĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¯াāĻ¤ে āĻ¸ে āĻ—াāĻ‡āĻ¤োāĻ¨্āĻĄেāĻ° āĻāĻļ্āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¯, āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ¤ি āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে।


(āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦে)

Friday, October 12, 2018

NAFTA or Nah-FTA?

āĻ—āĻ¤ ā§¨ā§­ āĻ†āĻ—āĻ¸্āĻŸ āĻ†āĻŽেāĻ°িāĻ•া āĻāĻŦং āĻŽেāĻ•্āĻ¸িāĻ•ো āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ° “NAFTA” āĻšুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦাāĻ¤িāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¨āĻ¤ুāĻ¨ āĻŦাāĻŖিāĻœ্āĻ¯ āĻšুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ°াāĻœি āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻšাāĻ¸্āĻ¯āĻ•āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ো āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ• āĻ¸āĻĻāĻ¸্āĻ¯āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•াāĻ¨াāĻĄা āĻ›াā§œাāĻ‡ āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻš্āĻ¯াāĻĄāĻŽ āĻŽিāĻ˛ে āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻ¯ুāĻ— āĻŦā§ŸāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻšুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦাāĻ¤িāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŽিāĻŸিং āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¸ে, āĻĄিāĻ¸িāĻļāĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻĢেāĻ˛āĻ¸ে। āĻĒাāĻ¤্āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻĻিāĻ˛োāĻ¨া āĻ•াāĻ¨াāĻĄাāĻ°ে

āĻ•াāĻ¨াāĻĄা āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻĨেāĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ›িāĻ˛ো, active participation āĻĻেāĻ–াā§ŸāĻ¨াāĻ‡, āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻ•ি āĻ¸োāĻŽāĻŦাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻŽিāĻŸিং āĻ āĻ†āĻ¸েāĻ“āĻ¨াāĻ‡। āĻĢাāĻĒāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ¤ে āĻ—িā§Ÿে āĻļেāĻˇ āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ° āĻĒাā§Ÿে āĻ•ুā§œাāĻ˛ āĻŽাāĻ°āĻ˛ো āĻ¨াāĻ•ি āĻ¸েāĻŸা āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ে āĻĻিāĻŦে। āĻ…āĻ˛āĻ°েāĻĄি steel, aluminium āĻāĻ¸āĻŦে āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻ°িāĻĢ āĻ–াāĻ‡āĻ¤েāĻ¸ে, āĻĒāĻ°ে imported car āĻāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻ°িāĻĢ āĻ–াāĻ‡āĻ˛ে āĻ ্āĻ¯াāĻ˛া āĻŦুāĻāĻŦে। āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ•āĻŽাāĻ¸ āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻĨেāĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽেāĻ°িāĻ•া āĻ°ীāĻ¤িāĻŽāĻ¤ āĻšুāĻŽāĻ•ি āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻ°াāĻ–āĻ¸ে auto import āĻ āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻ°িāĻĢেāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒাāĻ°ে। āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒাāĻ°ে EU āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ§ুāĻŽāĻ§াāĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°ে “retaliatory package” āĻĻাঁā§œা āĻ•āĻ°াā§Ÿ āĻĢেāĻ˛āĻ¸িāĻ˛ো, āĻ•াāĻ¨াāĻĄা āĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ˛āĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖāĻ“ āĻĻেāĻ–াā§ŸāĻ¨াāĻ‡। āĻ¯āĻĻিāĻ“ āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦā§œāĻŦā§œ āĻ‡āĻ•োāĻ¨āĻŽিāĻ¸্āĻŸ, āĻ…āĻŸো āĻ¸াāĻĒ্āĻ˛াāĻ‡ā§ŸাāĻ°āĻ°া āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤েāĻ¸ে, “We have no other options but to retaliate; Not responding is not an option.” āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ‡ āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖেāĻ° retaliation āĻ āĻ¯েāĻ¤ে āĻ•াāĻ¨াāĻĄাāĻ•ে āĻŦā§œ āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖেāĻ° āĻুঁāĻ•ি āĻ“ āĻšাāĻĒ āĻ¨িāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ি āĻ…্āĻ¯াāĻ•āĻļāĻ¨ে āĻ¨া āĻ—েāĻ˛ে āĻŦā§œ āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖেāĻ° recession āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­াāĻŦāĻ¨াāĻ“ āĻ…āĻ—্āĻ°াāĻš্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻš্āĻ›েāĻ¨া।

NAFTA āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻ—ā§œিāĻŽāĻ¸ি āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻ•াāĻ¨াāĻĄা āĻ—āĻ¤ āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻ§āĻ°েāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ›ে; āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻĻুāĻ‡āĻŸা āĻŦিāĻˇā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻŦāĻ˛ে ā§§) Anti-dumping (AD) and countervailing duties (CVD) āĻ¨িā§Ÿে US āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে dispute ā§¨) āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° local dairy industry āĻŦাঁāĻšাāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻšেāĻˇ্āĻŸা। āĻŦাāĻ‡āĻ°েāĻ° āĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻ¨ুāĻĢ্āĻ¯াāĻ•āĻšাāĻ°াāĻ°āĻ°া āĻ¯āĻĻি US āĻ¤ে āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻŽূāĻ˛্āĻ¯ (Fair Value)āĻ° āĻšেā§Ÿে āĻ•āĻŽ āĻŽূāĻ˛্āĻ¯ে āĻœিāĻ¨িāĻ¸ āĻŦিāĻ•্āĻ°ি āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻŸাāĻ•ে Dumping āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻ†āĻ° āĻĢāĻ°েāĻ¨ āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻŦেāĻļি subsidy āĻ†āĻ° tax benefit āĻĻেā§Ÿ āĻ¯াāĻ¤ে āĻ¸āĻ¸্āĻ¤াā§Ÿ āĻœিāĻ¨িāĻ¸ āĻŦিāĻ•্āĻ°ি āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ, āĻ¤াāĻ•ে countervailing āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻŽাāĻ¨ NAFTA’āĻ° āĻš্āĻ¯াāĻĒ্āĻŸাāĻ° ā§§ā§¯ āĻ āĻāĻŸা āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ†āĻ›ে; āĻ•াāĻ¨াāĻĄা āĻ†āĻ° āĻŽেāĻ•্āĻ¸িāĻ•ো āĻ¯াāĻ¤ে āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ¸ুāĻŦিāĻ§া āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ¨া āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ¸িāĻ¸্āĻŸেāĻŽāĻ“ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ†āĻ›ে

āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ• āĻ—āĻ˛াāĻ° āĻ•াঁāĻŸা āĻšāĻ˛ো āĻ•াāĻ¨াāĻĄাāĻ° dairy industry। āĻ•াāĻ¨াāĻĄা āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° import quota āĻāĻŦং high tariff āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° dairy industryāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸু “āĻāĻ•āĻ˜āĻ°ে” āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ°াāĻ–āĻ¤ে āĻšাāĻš্āĻ›ে āĻ¯েāĻŸা āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°েāĻ¸িāĻĄেāĻ¨্āĻŸ āĻŸ্āĻ°াāĻŽ্āĻĒেāĻ° āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨্āĻĻ āĻšāĻš্āĻ›েāĻ¨া। āĻāĻŸাāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯, US āĻāĻ° Local dairy industryāĻ‡ āĻ­ুāĻ—āĻ¤েāĻ›ে āĻ…āĻ¤ি āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāĻ¨েāĻ° (over production) āĻĒ্āĻ¯াāĻ°াā§Ÿ। US āĻšাāĻ‡āĻ¤েāĻ¸ে āĻ•াāĻ¨াāĻĄাāĻ° dairy industry āĻ¤ে āĻĸুāĻ•ে āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦোāĻা āĻšাāĻ˛āĻ•া āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে, āĻāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻ•াāĻ¨াāĻĄা āĻ—োঁ āĻ§āĻ°ে āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ†āĻ›ে “āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ›াā§œ āĻĻিāĻ¸ি, āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¨া”। āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻāĻ‡ dairy industry āĻ›াā§œা NAFTAāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒাāĻ°ে US-Canada āĻŽিāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ†āĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿ āĻ†āĻĒাāĻ¤āĻĻৃāĻˇ্āĻŸিāĻ¤ে āĻ¨াāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে।  

āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻĢিāĻ°ে āĻ†āĻ¸ি auto import āĻ āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻ°িāĻĢেāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯াāĻĒাāĻ°ে। US āĻ¯āĻĻি ā§¨ā§Ģ%āĻ“ āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻ°িāĻĢ āĻĻেā§Ÿ āĻ•াāĻ¨াāĻĄা āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻŽāĻĻাāĻ¨িāĻ•ৃāĻ¤ āĻ•াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°,āĻ•াāĻ¨াāĻĄাāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ° āĻŽ্āĻ¯াāĻ¨ুāĻĢ্āĻ¯াāĻ•āĻšাāĻ°িং ā§¯ā§Ļā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ¨িāĻŸ āĻ•āĻŽāĻŦে। āĻāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻ•াāĻ¨াāĻĄা āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° “āĻ­াāĻŦāĻ¤েāĻ›ে” ā§§ā§Ļ% āĻĒাāĻ˛āĻŸা āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻ°িāĻĢ āĻĻিāĻŦে āĻ¸্āĻŸিāĻ˛ āĻ“ āĻ†āĻ˛ুāĻŽিāĻ¨িā§ŸাāĻŽেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°; āĻ¯েāĻŸা āĻ†āĻ˛্āĻŸিāĻŽেāĻŸāĻ˛ি trade war āĻāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াāĻš্āĻ›ে। Toronto-Dominion Bank āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤েāĻ›ে, āĻ•াāĻ¨াāĻĄা ā§§ā§Ŧā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻœāĻŦ āĻšাāĻ°াāĻ¤ে āĻ¯াāĻš্āĻ›ে, āĻœিāĻĄিāĻĒি āĻ•āĻŽে āĻ¯েāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে ā§Ļ.ā§Š-ā§Ļ.ā§Ģ% । 

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Wednesday, October 10, 2018

āĻĒাāĻŦāĻ˛ো āĻāĻ¸্āĻ•োāĻŦাāĻ°, āĻ—āĻŖেāĻļ āĻ—াāĻ‡āĻ¤োāĻ¨্āĻĄে āĻāĻŦং āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻĻু āĻŽিāĻĨোāĻ˛āĻœি (āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦ-ā§§)

āĻŽেāĻ•্āĻ¸িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻ•োāĻ•েāĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻĄিāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻĒাāĻŦāĻ˛ো āĻāĻ¸্āĻ•োāĻŦাāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨ো āĻ¨েāĻŸāĻĢ্āĻ˛িāĻ•্āĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ¸িāĻ°িāĻœ “Narcos” āĻĻেāĻ–েāĻ¨াāĻ‡ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇ āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ†āĻ›ে। āĻŦ্āĻ°াāĻœিāĻ˛িā§ŸাāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ¨েāĻ¤া Wagner Maniçoba de Moura āĻĢাāĻŸাā§Ÿ āĻĻিāĻ›েāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻĻāĻŽ। āĻāĻ¸্āĻ•োāĻŦাāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻŸিāĻ­ি āĻ¸িāĻ°িāĻœ āĻ“ āĻŽুāĻ­ি āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨ো āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে; āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻĻিāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ†āĻ¸āĻ¤েāĻ›ে āĻšাāĻ­িā§ŸেāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ°āĻĻেāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻĒেāĻ¨েāĻ˛োāĻĒে āĻ•্āĻ°ুāĻœেāĻ° "Loving Pablo"। āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ে āĻāĻ¸্āĻ•োāĻŦাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ°ুāĻĨāĻ˛েāĻ¸āĻ¨েāĻ¸ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšে āĻ­াāĻ˛āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĢুāĻŸিā§Ÿে āĻ¤ুāĻ˛েāĻ›েāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŽ্āĻŦিā§ŸাāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ¨েāĻ¤া AndrÊs Parra, āĻ¨েāĻŸāĻĢ্āĻ˛িāĻ•্āĻ¸েāĻ°āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ•āĻŸা āĻ¸িāĻ°িāĻœ "Pablo Escobar: le patron du mal" āĻ। āĻāĻ›াā§œাāĻ“ "Escobar: Paradise Lost (2014)", "Infiltrator (2015)" āĻŽুāĻ­িāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ¤েāĻ“ āĻāĻ¸্āĻ•োāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨেāĻ° āĻĄ্āĻ°াāĻ—āĻ˛āĻ°্āĻĄāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•াāĻšিāĻ¨ী āĻĻেāĻ–াāĻ¨ো āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে।

Narcos
Loving Pablo
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ¸ি āĻ—āĻŖেāĻļ āĻ—াāĻ‡āĻ¤োāĻ¨্āĻĄে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸āĻ™্āĻ—ে; āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻ¸েāĻ‡ āĻ¨েāĻŸāĻĢ্āĻ˛িāĻ•্āĻ¸। āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ• āĻŽাāĻ¸ āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻŦেāĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ¨েāĻŸāĻĢ্āĻ˛িāĻ•্āĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ¸িāĻ°িāĻœ "Sacred Games"। āĻāĻŸা āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻŸিāĻ•āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻ•োāĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤েāĻ›ি- "Sacred Games, the Netflix original series, based on author Vikram Chandra's epic magnum opus,  co-directed by Anurag Kashyap and Vikramaditya Motwane, is a satirical storytelling of religion facade and political filthiness of India. Saif Ali Khan as Sartaj Singh, played a role of honest, low-ranking police officer with dependency on anxiety pills. Nawazuddin Siddiqui as Ganesh Gaitonde, played a role of drug lord with a God-complex." āĻ¸াāĻ‡āĻĢ āĻ†āĻ˛ি āĻ–াāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻšুāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻ‰āĻ˛ āĻĢাāĻ‰āĻ˛ āĻŽুāĻ­ি āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ে āĻœীāĻŦāĻ¨ে, āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸িāĻ°িāĻœেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°িāĻļ্āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ে, āĻ“āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦাā§œাāĻ‡āĻ›ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ে āĻ“āĻ° āĻ¸েāĻ°া āĻ•াāĻœ āĻĻেāĻ–াāĻ‡āĻ›ে āĻ¸িāĻ°িāĻœāĻŸাā§Ÿ। āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ“ā§ŸাāĻœāĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻĻিāĻ¨ āĻ¸িāĻĻ্āĻĻিāĻ•িāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ†āĻ° āĻ•ি āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦো, he does have a midas touch। āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ°াāĻ— āĻ•āĻļ্āĻ¯āĻĒ āĻ—াāĻ˛াāĻ—াāĻ˛ি āĻ›াā§œা āĻŽুāĻ­ি/āĻ¸িāĻ°িāĻœ āĻŦাāĻ¨াāĻ¨āĻ¨া āĻāĻŦং āĻĒুāĻ°া āĻ¸িāĻ°িāĻœāĻŸাā§Ÿ āĻ—াāĻ˛াāĻ—াāĻ˛িāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻļিāĻ˛্āĻĒেāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯াā§Ÿে āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻ—েāĻ›েāĻ¨ āĻ¤া āĻ†āĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻ…āĻĒেāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ°াāĻ–েāĻ¨া। 

"Sacred Games" āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻĻু āĻŽিāĻĨোāĻ˛āĻœিāĻ° āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻ°েāĻ•্āĻŸাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻ¸াāĻ°ে āĻĻেā§Ÿা। āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻ°েāĻ•্āĻŸাāĻ°āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•ে āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻĻূāĻ° āĻ¸ংāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻĒে āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻ¤ুāĻ˛ে āĻ§āĻ°াāĻ° āĻšেāĻˇ্āĻŸা āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦো।

āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦ ā§§ (āĻ…āĻļ্āĻŦāĻ¤্āĻĨাāĻŽা)
āĻ…āĻļ্āĻŦāĻ¤্āĻĨাāĻŽা, āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻšীāĻ¨ āĻ­াāĻ°āĻ¤েāĻ° āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻšাāĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŽāĻšাāĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯, āĻŽāĻšাāĻ­াāĻ°āĻ¤েāĻ° (āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻŸি āĻ°াāĻŽাā§ŸāĻŖ) āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻšāĻ°িāĻ¤্āĻ°, āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻŦাāĻĒ āĻ…āĻ¸্āĻ¤্āĻ°āĻ—ুāĻ°ু āĻĻ্āĻ°োāĻŖাāĻšাāĻ°্āĻ¯, āĻŽা āĻ•ৃāĻĒি। āĻāĻ• āĻ˛াāĻ‡āĻ¨ে āĻŽāĻšাāĻ­াāĻ°āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ˛ে āĻāĻŸা āĻšāĻ˛ āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻšীāĻ¨ āĻ­াāĻ°āĻ¤েāĻ° āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻŦংāĻļ, āĻ•ৌāĻ°āĻŦ(āĻāĻ¨্āĻŸাāĻ—āĻ¨িāĻ¸্āĻŸ) āĻ“ āĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻĄāĻŦāĻĻেāĻ°(āĻĒ্āĻ°োāĻŸাāĻ—āĻ¨িāĻ¸্āĻŸ) āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻŦিāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ•ুāĻ°ুāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻ•াāĻšিāĻ¨ী; āĻ¯āĻĻিāĻ“ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻšাāĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻ•াāĻšিāĻ¨ী āĻāĻ¤āĻ‡ āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻ¤ৃāĻ¤ āĻ¯ে āĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§েāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻāĻ° āĻ•াāĻšিāĻ¨ী āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻļেāĻˇ (āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻļেāĻˇ āĻ¨া!!)। āĻ¤ো āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•ৌāĻ°āĻŦ āĻ“ āĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻĄāĻŦāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§āĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻ¯া āĻļিāĻ–িā§ŸেāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻĻ্āĻ°োāĻŖাāĻšাāĻ°্āĻ¯; āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ›েāĻ˛ে āĻŦীāĻ°āĻ¯োāĻĻ্āĻ§া āĻšāĻŦে āĻœাāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻĨা। āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻĻ্āĻ°োāĻŖাāĻšাāĻ°্āĻ¯ āĻ§্āĻ¯াāĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻĒāĻ¸্āĻ¯া āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ›েāĻ˛েāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻŽāĻ°āĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻĒাāĻ‡ā§Ÿে āĻĻিā§ŸেāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻ˛েāĻ–া āĻ†āĻ›ে।

āĻ¤ো āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦাāĻĒ āĻ›েāĻ˛ে āĻĻুāĻ‡āĻœāĻ¨āĻ‡ āĻ•ৌāĻ°āĻŦāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇে āĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛; āĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§েāĻ° āĻāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯াā§Ÿে āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŸা āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯াā§ŸāĻ­াāĻŦেāĻ‡ āĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻĄāĻŦāĻ°া āĻĻ্āĻ°োāĻŖাāĻšাāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ•ে āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯া āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻŦাāĻŦাāĻ° āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻļোāĻ§ āĻ¨িāĻ¤ে āĻ…āĻļ্āĻŦāĻ¤্āĻĨাāĻŽা āĻ°াāĻ¤েāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ§āĻ•াāĻ°ে āĻĒাঁāĻš āĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻĄāĻŦāĻ•ে (āĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻĄāĻŦāĻ°া āĻĒাঁāĻš āĻ­াāĻ‡, āĻ†āĻ° āĻ•ৌāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°া ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ­াāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ° āĻāĻ• āĻŦোāĻ¨ :P)  āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ে, āĻ­ুāĻ˛āĻŦāĻļāĻ¤ āĻĒাঁāĻš āĻ­াāĻ‡ā§ŸেāĻ° āĻĒাঁāĻš āĻ›েāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻļিāĻ°োāĻš্āĻ›েāĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻĢেāĻ˛ে। āĻ¯াāĻ‡ āĻšোāĻ• āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ¤াāĻ¨āĻĻেāĻ° āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻļোāĻ§ āĻ¨িāĻ¤ে āĻĒাঁāĻš āĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻĄāĻŦেāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨, āĻŦীāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœুāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ° āĻ…āĻļ্āĻŦāĻ¤্āĻĨাāĻŽাāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻĻু āĻĒুāĻ°াāĻŖ āĻŦা āĻŽāĻšাāĻ•াāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ¤ে āĻ¯েāĻ¸āĻŦ āĻŦীāĻ°āĻ¯োāĻĻ্āĻ§াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ˛েāĻ–া āĻ†āĻ›ে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ›েāĻ‡ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĄেāĻĄāĻ˛ি āĻ…āĻ¸্āĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ›িāĻ˛ো āĻŦāĻ˛ে āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ†āĻ›ে। āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœুāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻŦ্āĻ°āĻš্āĻŽাāĻ¸্āĻ¤্āĻ°, āĻĒাāĻļুāĻĒাāĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ¸্āĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি; āĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻ¯েāĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻŽাāĻ°āĻ˛ে āĻ•াāĻšিāĻ¨ী āĻ–āĻ¤āĻŽ। āĻ†āĻ° āĻ…āĻļ্āĻŦāĻ¤্āĻĨাāĻŽাāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¨াāĻ°াā§ŸāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ¸্āĻ¤্āĻ°, āĻ¯েāĻŸা āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻŦংāĻļেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āĻ¯ে āĻŽাāĻ°āĻ˛ে āĻ āĻŦংāĻļ āĻāĻ•āĻŦাāĻ°ে āĻļেāĻˇ।  

āĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ…āĻļ্āĻŦāĻ¤্āĻĨাāĻŽাāĻ° āĻ•ি āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻšāĻ‡āĻ›ে, āĻŽাāĻ°āĻ›ে āĻ¨াāĻ°াā§ŸāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ¸্āĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ›ুāĻ‡ā§œা, āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœুāĻ¨ āĻŦেāĻšাāĻ°া āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ¨া āĻĒাāĻ‡ā§Ÿা āĻĒাāĻļুāĻĒাāĻ¤ āĻŽাāĻ°āĻ˛ো। āĻĻুāĻ¨িā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻ–াāĻ°াāĻĒ āĻĻেāĻ‡āĻ–া āĻ•ৃāĻˇ্āĻŖ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¸া āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻĨাāĻŽাāĻ¨। āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœুāĻ¨ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¸্āĻ¤্āĻ° āĻĢিāĻ°াā§Ÿ āĻ¨িāĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻ…āĻļ্āĻŦāĻ¤্āĻĨাāĻŽাāĻ¤ো āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ• āĻŽাāĻ˛; āĻ…āĻ¸্āĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ¨াāĻ•ি āĻ¸ে āĻĢিāĻ°াāĻ‡āĻ¤ে āĻļিāĻ–েāĻ¨াāĻ‡। āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻŦেāĻ—āĻ¤িāĻ• āĻĻেāĻ–ে āĻ•ৃāĻˇ্āĻŖ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻŸাāĻ°্āĻ—েāĻŸ āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻĒাāĻ াāĻ‡āĻ¤ে (āĻ¤ীāĻ° āĻ›ুāĻ‡ā§œা āĻāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ•েāĻŽ্āĻ¨ে āĻŦāĻ˛ে āĻœাāĻ¨িāĻ¨া!!)।āĻ…āĻļ্āĻŦāĻ¤্āĻĨাāĻŽা āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœুāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ›েāĻ˛ে āĻ…āĻ­িāĻŽুāĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻ°(āĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ে āĻŽাāĻ°া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻ¸ে) āĻŦāĻ‰ āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ—āĻ°্āĻ­ে āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ¤াāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āĻ¯ে āĻ…āĻ¸্āĻ¤্āĻ° āĻĒাāĻ িā§Ÿে āĻĻেā§Ÿ āĻ¯াāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ¨্āĻĄāĻŦāĻ°া āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাāĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻŦংāĻļ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ। āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ•ৃāĻˇ্āĻŖেāĻ° āĻ†āĻļীāĻ°্āĻŦাāĻĻে āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ্āĻ¯ āĻ¸েāĻ‡ āĻŦাāĻš্āĻšা āĻ­াāĻ˛āĻ­াāĻŦেāĻ‡ āĻœāĻ¨্āĻŽ āĻ¨েā§Ÿ।

āĻ…āĻļ্āĻŦāĻ¤্āĻĨাāĻŽাāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ¨িāĻˇ্āĻ ুāĻ°āĻ¤া āĻĻেāĻ–ে āĻ•ৃāĻˇ্āĻŖ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻ­িāĻļাāĻĒ āĻĻেāĻ¨ āĻ¯ে āĻ¸ে āĻ¯ে āĻ…āĻŽāĻ°āĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻĒেā§ŸেāĻ›িāĻ˛ো āĻ¸েāĻŸা āĻ…āĻ­িāĻļাāĻĒ āĻšāĻŦে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯; āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦী āĻ§āĻŦংāĻ¸ āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻ¸ে āĻŦেঁāĻšে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ­োāĻ—া āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻ­ুāĻ—āĻŦে। āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ো āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŦেঁāĻšে āĻĨাāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ•āĻĨা। āĻāĻ•āĻĻāĻŽ āĻ¸্āĻĒেāĻ¸িāĻĢিāĻ• āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ¨া āĻ—েāĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻ­াāĻ°āĻ¤েāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻāĻ• āĻ—্āĻ°াāĻŽে āĻ†āĻ¸িāĻ°āĻ˜āĻ° āĻĻুāĻ°্āĻ—ে āĻŽোāĻŸাāĻŽুāĻŸি ā§§ā§Ļ-ā§§ā§¨ āĻĢুāĻŸ āĻ˛āĻŽ্āĻŦা āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨āĻ•ে āĻ¨াāĻ•ি āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ—েāĻ›ে; āĻ¯āĻĻিāĻ“ āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ›ি āĻ­াāĻ˛ āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ¨াāĻ‡।
āĻ…āĻļ্āĻŦāĻ¤্āĻĨাāĻŽা 
āĻ¤ো āĻ¯া āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ¤ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻ¸েāĻ‡ "Sacred Games" āĻ āĻĢিāĻ°ে āĻ†āĻ¸ি āĻāĻ–āĻ¨। āĻ—āĻŖেāĻļ āĻāĻ•āĻ¨াāĻĨ āĻ—াāĻ‡āĻ¤োāĻ¨্āĻĄে (āĻ¨āĻ“ā§ŸাāĻœāĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻĻিāĻ¨ āĻ¸িāĻĻ্āĻĻিāĻ•ী) āĻāĻĒিāĻ¸োāĻĄ āĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻļেāĻˇে āĻ¸ুāĻ‡āĻ¸াāĻ‡āĻĄ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻ“ āĻ¸ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻœীāĻŦāĻ¨āĻ—āĻ˛্āĻĒে āĻ…āĻŽāĻ° āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ। Not only was he alive in the beginning after most people he cared about died, his voice was omnipresent in the remainder of the season-making him immortal। āĻāĻ‡ āĻ—āĻ˛্āĻĒে āĻ—াāĻ‡āĻ¤োāĻ¨্āĻĄেāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻļ্āĻŦāĻ¤্āĻĨাāĻŽা। āĻ¸্āĻ¤্āĻ°ীāĻ° āĻŽৃāĻ¤্āĻ¯ুāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻļোāĻ§ āĻ¨িāĻ¤ে āĻ¸ে āĻāĻ•āĻ°াāĻ¤েāĻ‡ ā§Žā§Ļ āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŽুāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻ•ে āĻšāĻ¤্āĻ¯া āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻāĻĒিāĻ¸োāĻĄ āĻ†āĻŸেāĻ° (ā§Ÿā§ŸাāĻ¤ি) āĻļেāĻˇে āĻ¤াāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻšুāĻ° āĻŸāĻ°্āĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻ¸ে āĻœীāĻŦিāĻ¤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ•ৃāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­িāĻļাāĻĒে।
Sacred Games

(āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦে)

Friday, October 5, 2018

Zero-sum Economy and Productivity Paradox

āĻ¨ৃāĻ¤āĻ¤্āĻ¤্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ David Graeber āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•াāĻœেāĻ° ā§Šā§Ļ% āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•āĻŸা āĻ˛োāĻ• āĻĻেāĻ–াāĻ¨ো āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻœāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ¯োāĻ—িāĻ¤া āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻ¸্āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻŸাāĻ¸ āĻŦা fake image āĻŦāĻœাā§Ÿ āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ি। āĻ¤িāĻ¨ি āĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨, “Bullsh*t Jobs”। āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•াāĻœ āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¸্āĻ°েāĻĢ Hierarchy āĻāĻŦং Protocol āĻŽাāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻĒāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°ি āĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽāĻœীāĻŦিāĻ°া āĻ¯া āĻšাā§œে āĻšাā§œে āĻŸেāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšেā§Ÿে āĻŦেāĻļী।

āĻŦৈāĻļ্āĻŦিāĻ• āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨāĻ¨ীāĻ¤িāĻ¤ে “Automation” āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে āĻ¤েāĻŽāĻ¨ি āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে āĻšুāĻŽāĻ•ি āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦেāĻ“। āĻšাāĻ•āĻ°ি āĻ–েā§Ÿে āĻĻেā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ­ā§ŸāĻ¤ো āĻ†āĻ›েāĻ‡, āĻ†āĻ— āĻŦাā§œিā§Ÿে āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ˛ে āĻĻিāĻš্āĻ›েāĻ¨ “Robots will kill us.”। āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ“ āĻāĻ¤āĻĻূāĻ° āĻ¯াāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻšāĻš্āĻ›েāĻ¨া, āĻšাāĻœাāĻ° āĻšোāĻ• āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻļাāĻ¨্āĻ¤িāĻĒ্āĻ°িā§Ÿ āĻœাāĻ¤ি । āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻ¨িāĻ¤েāĻ‡ “Automation” āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ে MS Excel Dashboard preparationāĻ‡ āĻŦোāĻাā§Ÿ। āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻŦৈāĻļ্āĻŦিāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻšāĻ¨াā§Ÿ āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°ে Financial Services āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻ¨িāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ¤ে data entry āĻāĻŦং primary level business analysis āĻāĻ° āĻšাāĻ•āĻ°িāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো “Automation” āĻāĻ° āĻšুāĻŽāĻ•িāĻ¤ে āĻ°ā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤েāĻ‡ āĻšā§Ÿ।

Automation, Automation āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻšৈ-āĻšৈ āĻ°āĻŦ āĻĢেāĻ˛āĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ¤ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ¸েāĻ‡ Productivity Growth āĻ†āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛ো āĻ•āĻ‡? International Monetary Fund (IMF) āĻāĻ° āĻ°িāĻĒোāĻ°্āĻŸে āĻĻেāĻ–াāĻ¨ো āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে, Global Financial Crisis āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¨্āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ‡ āĻ•েāĻŦāĻ˛ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŸা Productivity Growth āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻĢāĻ˛ āĻĒেā§ŸেāĻ›ে; āĻ‰āĻ¨্āĻ¨ā§ŸāĻ¨āĻļীāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸্āĻŦāĻ˛্āĻĒোāĻ¨্āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ¯েāĻŸি āĻ¨িāĻŽ্āĻ¨āĻŽুāĻ–ী।



āĻāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে Chief Economist of Bank of England Andrew Haldane āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ¨, āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻĻেāĻļে āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻ¨ি āĻāĻ•āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸ুāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻ¨িāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°েāĻ¨া, āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻ•ি āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ IndustryāĻ° āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻ¨িāĻ“ āĻ¨া। Mr. Haldane dispersion āĻāĻ° āĻĻোāĻšাāĻ‡ āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻĒাāĻ° āĻĒেāĻ˛েāĻ“ David Graeber āĻāĻ° “Bullsh*t Job” theoryāĻ‡ āĻ¯েāĻ¨ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ–াāĻŸে āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে। āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ে āĻļেāĻˇ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻāĻŸাāĻ‡ āĻ¯ে, āĻāĻ°ে āĻĒā§œা āĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽāĻœীāĻŦিāĻ°া āĻļেāĻˇ āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ¨্āĻ¤ Bullsh*t Job āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻŦাāĻ§্āĻ¯ āĻšā§Ÿ।

āĻ•াāĻœেāĻ° āĻ•āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻĢাāĻ˛āĻ¤ু āĻ¤াāĻ°āĻšে āĻŦā§œ āĻšুāĻŽāĻ•ি āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĻাঁā§œিā§ŸেāĻ›ে “Zero Sum Function”। āĻ§āĻ°েāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨ি āĻāĻ•āĻŸা Brand X āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ†āĻļাāĻŦাāĻĻী , āĻāĻŸাāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻˇ্āĻ িāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšাāĻ¨। āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨ি āĻļ্āĻ°āĻŽ āĻĻিāĻ˛েāĻ¨, āĻ¸āĻĢāĻ˛ āĻšāĻ˛েāĻ¨। āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨েāĻ° Brand X āĻāĻŦং Y āĻāĻ° āĻ¯েāĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸা āĻŦাāĻœাāĻ°ে āĻĻাā§œা āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒাā§Ÿ āĻ›িāĻ˛ো, āĻ¸ে Brand X āĻŦাāĻ›াāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ো Y āĻŦাāĻĻ āĻĻিā§Ÿে। Brand X āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ¸ে āĻ¯া āĻšাāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ¤া āĻĒেāĻ˛োāĻ¨া; Brand Y āĻāĻ° opportunity cost āĻ¤ো āĻ†āĻ›েāĻ‡ āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻ°েāĻ•āĻŸি Brand Y āĻŦাāĻœাāĻ°ে āĻĻাঁā§œাāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­াāĻŦāĻ¨া āĻļেāĻˇ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ—েāĻ˛ো। āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ¸ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ¤ীā§ŸāĻœāĻ¨ āĻĒā§œে āĻ—েāĻ˛েāĻ¨ Zero Sum Function āĻāĻ° āĻĢাঁāĻĻে।

āĻ¤ো āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ•াāĻœ automate āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ“ āĻĢেāĻ˛ি, āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻŦাā§œāĻŦে āĻ িāĻ•ি, āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¸ে āĻ¸āĻŽā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ•āĻ¤āĻŸুāĻ•ু āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻĒুāĻ°াāĻĒুāĻ°ি productivity growth āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻŦো āĻ¸েāĻŸা āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļ্āĻ¨āĻ¸াāĻĒেāĻ•্āĻˇ। Human nature āĻāĻ° āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖে āĻ¯েāĻŸা āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­াāĻŦāĻ¨া āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ¤া āĻšāĻ˛ো āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° zero sum activities āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻŦেā§œে āĻ¯াāĻŦে।

So, Robots will not kill us, we will kill us.